Transportation Chart 1

 

Transportation Vocabulary

 Hello my fellow students. This is a vocabulary lesson about forms of transportation. We will start with modes of transportation you can do without a vehicle. Ones that you can do with just your body like 'crawl'. That's one way you can get around: crawl. We're gonna learn these verbs in the infinitive form. Like 'to crawl' That is the way I think you should learn verbs. learn the infinitive, then you can conjugate them to the present, past, or future tenses. People don’t usually talk in the infinitive form but it is useful to memorize the infinitive and learn how to conjugate verbs from the infinitive into whichever tense you want. 

Anyway,

to crawl is 기다 gi-da

이 아기는 겨요 "i a-i-gi-neun gyeo-yo" that's the present tense of "This baby crawls" 이 아기는 겨요 i a-i-gi-neun gyeo-yo 

기다 gi-da

And after you crawl you learn 

to walk 걷다 geot-da

then after you walk you learn 

to run 달리다 dal-li-da

How else can we move? We can jump.

to jump 뛰다 ddwi-da

We can also climb 

to climb 오르다 o-reu-da

Look at how this word sounds like 'over the' o-reu-da. Climb o-reu-da, climb over the.

And, of course, the pinnacle of human movement to dance! 

to dance 춤추다 chum-chu-da

I like to think the sound-effect of dancing is choom choom choom choom. choom-chu-da!

But there is another way humans can move: swim! 

to swim 수영하다 su-yeong-ha-da

and I don't know how many winged creatures will be studying Korean with me, but if there are any then you guys can fly 

to fly 날다 nal-da

And that's all we got for un-aided transportation. We can also move with the help of vehicles. Some vehicles you ride, and some vehicles you drive, and some vehicles you can do both. So I will teach you the word for ride and the word for drive.

to ride is 타다 ta-da

to drive is 운전하다 un-jeon-ha-da

Notice how this word sounds like engine hada? 운전/engine? hada means to do, so this word is like "to do engine"=to drive. But there is another way to say it....몰다. What is the difference between these two words for drive... well more specifically 운전하다 means "to operate a vehicle" and 몰다 means "to transport someone/something". 

so you say I drive a car 나는 차를 운전해 na-neun cha-reul un-jeon-hae

and you say I drive you to Seoul 나는너를 서울에 몰아 na-neun neo-reul Seo-ul-e mol-a. 

We will focus on the word un-jeon-ha-da in the remainder of this lesson.

Alright our first vehicle is 

the bicycle 자전거 ja-jeon-geo 

And in Korean they always say ride a bicycle 

to ride a bike 자전거 타다 ja-jeon-geo ta-da 

Next vehicle… it’s an easy one 

car is 

차 cha

 or 

자동차 ja-dong-cha

Cha is more modern and cool and casual. And you can ride a car 

to ride a car 자동차 타다 or 차 타다 

Or you can drive a car 

to drive a car 자동차 운전하다 or 차 운전하다  

Remember: Car is cha… ja-dong-cha!

Our next vehicle is a taxi. This one is more easy 

taxi is 택시 taek-shi

to ride a taxi 택시 타다

to drive the taxi 택시 운전하다 

If you are a taxi driver the word for that is 택시 기사 (taek-shi gi-sa). If you get into a taxi in Korea you can 안녕하세요 택시기사 (an-nyeong-ha-se-yo taek-shi gi-sa) or you can be extra polite and say  안녕하세요 택시기사님 (an-nyeong-ha-se-yo taek-shi gi-sa-nim). Gi-sa is what you call a professional driver and -nim at the end makes it more polite.

The next vehicle is a bus. Wanna guess how to say bus? 

Bus is

버스 beo-seu

You can ride the bus 

to ride the bus 버스 타다 beo-seu ta-da 

or, if you are a 버스 기사 beo-seu gi-sa, 

you can drive the bus 

to drive the bus 버스 운전하다 beo-seu un-jeon-ha-da

Now it’s time to learn train. 

Train is 

기차 gi-cha 

the train is gonna getchya gi-cha gi-cha gi-cha! 

To ride the train 기차 타다 gi-cha ta-da. 

Notice how the word for car: cha is inside gi-cha. That little word cha is actually inside a few different forms on transportation. If you want to drive the train 

To drive the train is 기차 운전하다 gi-cha un-jeon-ha-da

The next method of transportation is airplane 

Airplane 비행기 bi-haeng-gi 

In Korean you say I drive the airplane. never say I fly the airplane, say I drive the airplane

to drive the airplane 비행기를 운전하다 bi-haeng-gi un-jeon-ha-da

to fly the airplane 비행기를 타다 bi-haeng-gi ta-da

And finally we move to the water and learn boat. 

Boat is 보트 bo-teu

The is how you say boat

to ride the boat is 보트 타다 bo-teu ta-da

to drive the boat is 보트 운전하다 bo-teu un-jeon-ha-da

But what if you have a big boat? That is a ship! 

Ship in Korean is 배 Bae 

which is also the word for stomach. Context is very important in Korean. 

To ride a ship is 배 타다 bae ta-da

To drive the ship you can say  배 운전하다 bae un-jeon-ha-da

and because it is a ship we could also say pilot a ship

pilot a ship 배 조종하다 bae jo-jong-ha-da

to pilot is 조종하다 jo-jong-ha-da

Here's a chart of everything we learned today:

Hanja Part 2 Names of Countries

THIS IS A DRAFT. IT CONTAINS MANY ERRORS.

Hello my fellow students this is our second lesson on Hanja. Hanja is the use of Chinese characters in Korean writing. Hanja is not used especially often in Korea, but centuries ago Korean was written entirely in Chinese characters. It didn't work very well. So the great King Sejong invented the modern writing system that Korea uses today. Some Chinese characters have stuck around, though. The interesting thing about Chinese writing is that each character represents an entire word, not just a letter. And there is something really appealing about being able to express and entire word in just one little picture. It's kind of like using emojis. And we all know how fun and easy it can be to use emojis rather than typing out an entire sentence.

One place where you see a lot of hanja characters is in newspapers and news articles. In particular, when they are writing the names of countries. But not all countries, just some of the ones that tend to be reported on the most

Here they are:

South Korea

North Korea

Japan

China 

America 

England

Lets start with South Korea it looks like 韓國

this part is the symbol for country. We're gonna see this one a lot today. I think it kind of looks like a map and that's how I remember it means country. the big square is the paper and all those lines are like roads and rivers that's a lake. This is what I do when trying to learn hanja, I try to turn the character into a picture that relates to the word it represents. So this one is a map of a country. 

and this means Han. which is the name of the major river in South Korea. South Korea is known as Han country. To say South Korea in Korean it is han-gook. gook is the word for country. This character looks like 2 stick figures holding hands. or should I say holding "han"s. these stick figures are even wearing traditional korean hats.

Now North Korea has the character for han in it too.

and this one means north. North Korea is north of the han. The word for north is 북(buk). North Korea is buk-han. Infact, you may encounter any of the 4 cardinal directions in hanja. Lets learn em all

north 北 (북buk)

south 南 (남쪽 nam)

east 東 (동쪽 dong)

west 西方 (seo 서쪽)

first of all north makes me think of the north pole where santa's elves live. and this is a picture of the elf's legs and the elf shoes, like on the cover of the movie Elf.

Now south. I see this as a church. that's the walls and the roof, and that's the cross on top. And this thing inside. I think it looks like a sheep. and this help me remember south because in the southern US people are more religious.

West- it looks like that. this is one guy getting lowered into a tank of water and another guy running away. I don't know what this has to do with west. but that is what I see. This is getting difficult.

East - Here's one that I can explain. did ya ever notice that the country to the east of Korea is Japan? Japan is written like this Do you remember this character from our first hanja lesson? It looks like a window and it means sun. Japan is the land of the rising sun. Have you heard that before? land of the rising sun. and the red circle on its flag represents the sun. and where does the sun rise? in the East! This character for east is what you get when you put the characters for Japan ontop of each other.

mind. blown. (Japan in korean is il-bon "il" means day, you know like the days of the week all end in "il" wo-yo-il, hwa-yo-il, su-yo-il and so on. il means day and this character means sun, but it also means day. You use it when you write the date 2023 年 1 月 21 日)

Alright now the country where this whole writing system originated China.

Oh. Oh. Oh. another character we remember from last time "middle"! and we know this one too. It looks like a map. It means country. China means middle country. Why do they call it that? Well the Chinese called themselves middle country because from where they stood there was land to the east, lands to the west, to the south, to the north and where are they standing? well in the middle of course. From your own perspective you are always standing in the middle of the world. When the English created modern time zones they used England as the middle of the world. people are always seeing things from their own perspective. We are the centre of our own universes. that's how china came to be called middle country. (In Korean 중국)

Speaking of England check out how you write that in hanja. Again. we have the character for country. and I swear this is British soldier. Like it looks exactly like a British soldier.

And finally the United States of America. again there it is country country country! but what's this? This is the Chinese character for 'beautiful'. What a nice compliment. If you see this character all by its lonesome it just means beautiful. You might see it in advertising for cosmetics. Actually, maybe not. You're more likely to see English or even French in Korean cosmetics ads. 

South Korea 韓國

North Korea 北韓

Japan 日本

China 中國

England 英國

America 美國

So those are the countries that you will encounter when reading the news in Korean. and they are usually shortened to just 1 character like so.

South Korea 韓

North Korea 北

Japan 日

China 中

England 英

America 美

South Korea is just "Han", North Korea is just "north". Japan is just "sun". China is just "middle", England is just "English", America is just "beautiful". It might seem confusing to give these countries names with double meanings but remember Korean is very contextual. You should able to figure out what you're reading based on context. Although, it is a little funny to think that when the president of Korea makes a trip to Japan the Newspaper says "the president of Korea will fly to the sun tomorrow"

Cardinal Directions Written in Hanja

 

Countries Written in Hanja

 

Time Related Words

ROUGH DRAFT

This is a lesson on time related words. It is an expansion on the previous lesson where we learned time related words like tomorrow, next week, next month, and so on. Let's do it.

Let's start with yesterday. yesterday is "eo-je"

yesterday 어제

Today, today is o-neul

today 오늘

tomorrow is nae-il. We learned nae-il in the last lesson. This word has Chinese origin. il means day and nae comes from the Chinese word for coming. So. the coming day is nae-il.

tomorrow 내일

Now morning has two translation 'o-jeon' which also means a.m. and a new one for us 'a-chim'. a-chim is the one you use when you say good morning. You say 좋은 아침. and a-chim can also mean breakfast.

morning 아침/오전

afternoon, we learned before. It also means p.m. That word is 'o-hu'

afternoon 오후

Tonight can be said two ways. You can say 'this night' i-bam or 'today-night' o-neul-bam

tonight  오늘밤 이밤

OK now I wanna teach you the seasons. spring summer fall winter

spring is bom, summer is yeo-reum, fall is ga-eul, and winter is gyeo-ul

bom, yeo-reum, ga-eul, gyeo-ul.

Have you noticed the Korean name of Big Bang's song "Still Life"? bom, yeo-reum, ga-eul, gyeo-ul. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eN5mG_yMDiM

spring 봄 summer 여름 fall 가을 winter 겨울

and in case you need it here is a quick chart of days of the week and months of the year.

This brings us to the main focus of this video. The words for next and last

lets start with next. We already learned next week next month next year. da-eum-ju

da-eum dal and nae nyeon

da-eum means next in Korean and nae in nae-nyeon is like the nae in nae-il. Its derived from Chinese. It means the "coming". nae-nyeon is the coming year.

but there are other ways of saying next in Korean. Here they are. da-eum, dagaoneun or oneun, i-beon, ol-hae, naenyeon 

다가오는/오는 and 다음 are used in the same way. you can use them to say next or upcoming you see this 오 in 다가오는/오는 . That comes from the verb to come "o-da". Use that to help you remember that 다가오는 literally means upcoming and 오는 literally means coming 

다음 means next. It is most commonly used for next month and next week 다음 달 다음주. but you can also use it for days of the week, days of the year, months of the year, or seasons

also

이번 is another way of saying next. literally it means "this" "time". and you can also use it with days of the week, days of the year, months of the year, or seasons

내년 and 울해 require a bit of thought.

nae-nyeon means next-year so if it is 2022 and I say nae-nyeon I'm talking about 2023. nae-nyeon-shibiwol means next years december. So even though it is september 2022 and the next december will be december 2022 when i say next years december I'm talking about december 2023.

ol-hae means 'this year' so if it is september 2022 and I say ol-hae shibiwol I'm talking about december 2022. The thing about ol-hae is that it doesnt really mean 'next', it means 'this year'. It can refer to the past or the future. if you use it with months/seasons that havent happened yet. it refers to the future. If you use it with month/seasons that have already happened this year it refers to the past. When it is september I can say this year's january ol-hae il-wol to talk about the past.  or I can say this years december ol-hae shibiwol to talk about the future. 

So that is how we say Next and now Last.

(Jak-nyeon bom means last year's spring. for example if its 2022 and I say jak-nyeon bom I'm talking about spring 2021.)

you can say last spring using either ji-nan or jak-nyeon jeo-beon or the one we just learned ol-hae.

remember again ol-hae means "this year's" so if you want it to mean 'last' you have to use it with months/seasons that have already happened this year. If you use it with months/seasns that havent happenned it means 'next' 

Ji-nan just means the most recent. If it is October 2022 and I say last spring like ji-nan bom I'm talking about spring 2022. The MOST RECENT spring.

 If I say ji-nan bom in january 2022 I'm talking about spring 2021. the most recent spring.

However if I say jak-nyeon. Notice it has that nyeon in it. nyeon means yeaR. Jak-nyeon means last year. so jak-nyeon bom means last years spring.. for example if its 2022 and I say jak-nyeon bom I'm talking about spring 2021 no mater what day in 2022 it is if I say jak-nyeon bom i mean spring 2021.

jeo-beon is like i-beon. do you remember how "i" means "this" and :jeo" means "that" beon means. time. so jeo beon means that time. As in that time...in the past.

Chart of Time Words