Future Presumptive

WATCH THE LESSON https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oi-NP2v8vY

Hello, my fellow students. This is our second lesson on the future tense. As I said in the last video, there are multiple ways to make the future tense in Korean. Each of them has a slightly different translation. The last lesson was on the Probable Future. This one is on the Future Presumptive and what that means that it is a way of stating intent. What do you intend to do in the future? You can describe what you intend to do by conjugating your verb into the Future Presumptive.

So how do we do it? How do we say "I intend to verb"?

Well, first, start with a verb. Any verb will do. Lets use 하다 (ha-da) to do.

First thing, as usual, we cut off the 다(-da)

하 (ha) 

then, we add the Future Presumptive ending which is very simply:

겠다 (get-da) 

하겠다 (ha-get-da)

and that is the infinitive version of the presumptive future. "to intend to do"

And now we have the infinitive version of the presumptive future. "to intend to do"

But we don't talk in the infinitive form. we want to say "I Intend to do", not "I to intend to do".

So, we have to conjugate this verb now. And we do that by using the same endings as we use when we conjugate into the simple present.

Let's review those endings. 겠다(get-da) is an ㅓ(eo) verb so the casual ending is -어 the polite ending is-어요 and the verb root ends in a consonant so the formal ending is -습니다 

so "intend to do"

is 하겠어, 하겠어요, 하겠습니다

So step 1. Cut off the -다 (-da)

step 2. Add a 겠다(get-da)

step 3. Conjugate the 겠다(get-da) using the simple present tense conjugation rules.

If you are not so comfortable with the simple present conjugation rules you could, Alternatively

cut off the -da and add the following endings is -겠어, -겠어요, -겠습니다

Chose which ever method you like. I think both these methods are equal in difficulty. 

Now, here is something important about this verb tense: it is very limited in how it can be used to state future intent. Since it means "intend to____". You can only use it in the first person to say "I intend to ____" or "we intend to blank" or you can ask someone "do you intend to ____?" But! It doesn't work the same in the third person. You can't say "that person intends to ___" or "those people intend to ____". You can not truly truly know what other people intend to do unless you are some kind of psychic mind reader.  So when you use future presumptive in the 3rd person the meaning changes significantly. What it translates to when you use it to make 3rd person sentences is "It looks like that person will _____." or "it seems like that person will ______." or "I think that person will ______."

And this sort of third person sentence makes more sense in certain situations than in others. When using the future presumptive to make 3rd person sentences you are best off using it to describe things which require some guess work. Like "It looks like that person will fall" Or "It looks like that soccer team will win" or "it looks like it will rain". 

Typically, you use the third person future presumptive to describe something that is not certain. Either because it is in the hands of fate, or involves a judgement call, or an opinion, or a guess... at least to some degree. So that is something you need to think about when deciding whether future presumptive is the best way to say what you mean. You don't really want to use it to say something like. "그 사람들은 컵케잌을 만들겠어요." to mean "It looks like they will make cupcakes" for example. Making cupcakes is a deliberate act that doesn't leave a lot of room for uncertainty and fate. Even if you are in a situation where they haven't told you what they are doing and you just see the mixing bowl and the sugar and you make a guess it is still not totally appropriate to use presumptive future to describe this situation. It should be used in a situation with even less certainty, or where an opinion is expressed. This is not something I can describe in a clear cut and dry kind of a way. You learn with experience what form of future tense is most appropriate. You might even consider NOT using the future presumptive for 3rd person sentences AT ALL. Just to be on the safe side.

But none the less, lets sum up:

3rd person sentences mean:

That person seems like he will_____

He/She/It/They seem(s) like he/she/it/they will_____

He/She/It/They look like he/she/it/they will_____

I think he/she/it/they will ______

I guess he/she/it/they will ______

Where as 1st person sentences mean

I/we intend to_______

and 2nd person questions mean

Do you intend to ______

We'll learn more about asking questions in later videos.

But there is another way to use the Future Presumptive. And that is with adjectives. In addition to "intend to _verb_." you can use it with adjectives and that makes sentences that translate as "seems like it will be _(adjective)_." or "looks like it will be _(adjective)_"

FOR EXAMPLE: 맛있겠어요 "Looks delicious" or 재미있겠어요 "Looks interesting/fun".

I don't want to confuse you too much more, but sometimes even when you are speaking in the 1st person you can have the translation "it seems like I will _(verb)__"  For example 저는 죽겠어요 (jeoneun juk-ge-sseo-yo) means "It seems like I will die" not "I intend to die." Korean is contextual like that. 

WATCH THE LESSON https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oi-NP2v8vY

Future Presumptive Chart

 

Korean Prepositions Part 2

WATCH THE LESSON HERE: https://youtu.be/0p962U3qK7I

 I have a new preposition to teach you. 

엔 "en" 

Like other prepositions it is a suffix. You add it to the end of a word. 엔"en" is actually a combination of two suffixes we've seen before 에 "e" and 는/은 "neun/eun". 

에"e" means "in/at/on/to" depending on the context. 

는/은 "neun/eun" are subject marking particles. They go at the end of the word which is the subject of the sentence. 

When we have a sentence like:

"On Monday it will be sunny"

 the subject of the sentence is Monday, so it should get a subject marking particle. But, also we are saying ON Monday so it should also get the preposition 에"e". So we would say "Monday -e-neun" change Monday to Korean 월요일에는 "wol-yo-il-e-neun"

And you can say it that way: 월요일에는 "wol-yo-il-e-neun". It makes sense, but it sounds very formal. So, most of the time, Koreans will push these 2 suffixes together to make 엔"en" so you can say 월요일엔 "wol-yo-il-en". 

On Monday it will be sunny.

월요일엔 화창할거야

월요일엔 화창할거예요

월요일엔 화창할겁니다 although we could keep the "e" and "neun" separate for the formal form if we wanted to be really formal 월요일에는 화창할겁니다.

And we don't actually have to add the word "it" in the Korean sentence because Korean doesn't do pronouns. Korean is a very implicit language. Which means you can leave words out of the sentence when you talk and the listener has figure out what you mean based on context. In Korean you just say "On Monday will be sunny" The "it" is just implied. 

For these weather forecast sentences instead of using 엔"en" you could, if you like, just use the subject marking particle 는/은 "neun/eun". 

월요일은 화창할거야

월요일은 화창할거예요

월요일은 화창할겁니다

When you use 는/은 "neun/eun" the translation is "Monday will be sunny". When you use 엔"en" the translation is "On Monday it will be sunny". Both of these sentences make sense, but in Korean this is the better sentence to use ->"On Monday it will be sunny" 

월요일엔 화창할거야

월요일엔 화창할거예요

월요일엔 화창할겁니다

And I'm sure you can figure out how to modify these sentences to describe what the weather will be on different days. First say the day, then add your suffix, then say the type of weather conjugated into the probable future tense.

On __(day)____ it will be  _____(weather)____.

  ___(day)___엔    ____(weather)_____.

 

It's time to put our knowledge to the test. We are going to translate statements about the weather in the probable future tense using our new suffix 엔"en". We are going to use the formal form of the sentence for this challenge and we will use the abbreviated suffix 엔 "en" rather than 에는"e-neun"

I'm going to show you a sentence in either English or Korean and you will need to translate it.

Make sure you know your days of the week, types of weather vocabulary, and your probable future tense conjugation rules. Click the links if you need to review or use the charts to help you as you answer. Let's begin the challenge. 

1. 일요일엔 바람이 불겁니다

2. 수요일엔 눈이 내릴겁니다.

3. 금요일엔 천둥이 칠겁니다.

4. On Saturday it will be sunny.

5. On Friday it will be rainy. 

if it's been difficult so far, then do some studying before you try the next set of 5 questions

6. 화요일엔 구름이 낄겁니다

7. 목요일엔 번개가 칠겁니다

8. 토요일엔 바람이 블겁니다

9. On Monday it will be snowy. 

10. On Sunday it will be thunder and lightning. 

ANSWERS 

No Peaking!

1. On Sunday it will be windy.

2. On Wednesday it will be snowy.

3. On Friday there will be thunder.

4. 토요일엔 화창할겁니다

5. 금요일엔 비가 올겁니다 (내릴겁니다)

6. On Tuesday it will be cloudy.

7. On Thursday there will be lightning.

8. On Saturday it will be windy.

9. 월요일엔 눈이 올겁니다 (내릴겁니다)

10. 일요일엔 천둥 번개가 칠겁니다 

WATCH THE LESSON HERE: https://youtu.be/0p962U3qK7I

 

Probable Future Tense Chart

 

The Probable Future

 Hello my fellow students welcome to the future. We are gonna be learning one way of making the future tense in Korean. Funny thing about the future tense in Korean, its one of those things that does not translate perfectly from English. There are multiple ways of talking about the future in Korean. We will start with one of the more common and versatile ways: the probable future. 

In English when we talk about the future we use the sentences like I will blank you will blank it will blank or I'm going to blank You're going to blank It's going to blank.

but you see Koreans don't pretend that they can predict the future with absolute certainty. So they don't say things like "It's going to rain" the say "It's probably going to rain". and they don't even need to include the word 'probably' in the sentence (because who wants to stick an extra word their sentence like that) Instead they just conjugate their verbs into the probable future tense and the 'probably' part is baked right in!

So lets learn the probable future.

We start with an infinitive verb. Lets choose ha-da and meok-da

                                    하다                      먹다

then you do the usual thing and cut off the -da

    하다                           먹다

하                               먹

then you've got to add the probable future tense ending

if you verb root ends in a vowel the ending is ㄹ거야 ㄹ거예요  ㄹ겁니다 

for verbs that end in vowels and

을거야 을거예요  을겁니다 

for verbs that end in consonants

하다 => 할거야 할거예요 할겁니다

먹다 => 먹을거야 먹을거예요 먹을겁니다

and it's the same for all types of verbs. It's not like present tense or past tense where we needed a different ending for eo verbs, a verbs and ha-da verbs. All the verbs get the same ending when we conjugate them into the probable future 

ㄹ거야 ㄹ거예요  ㄹ겁니다 

This for verb roots that end in vowels and

을거야 을거예요  을겁니다 end in consonants.

this for verb roots that 

You may also see it with a little space added right here. Both with the space and without the space are equally correct.

ㄹ 거야 ㄹ 거예요  ㄹ 겁니다 end in vowels.

을 거야 을 거예요  을 겁니다 end in consonants.

AND THAT'S IT! That's your probable future tense. Here are some practice questions for you to work on if you like. The answers are in the comments section.

But let me tell you more about this probable future tense ending. Where does this ending actually come from, what does it actually mean?

Well, you recognize the last part, don't you? It's Korean for "is", "am", and "are" 

and this part? geo. comes from 것 (geot). The Korean word for 'thing'

and the "rl" That part is a verb suffix that indicates future. 

So if I make a statement like "I will eat chicken."

저는 치킨을 먹을거예요.

it means

"I eat-is-future-thing chicken."

Literal translations are weird! 

maybe, since we're already rearranging the word order, the literal translation could be 

"I eat chicken is a future thing" 

I think that's a ... uhm... well it could get the point across if you started talking that way in English. 

 할거예요

do(future) thing is

Now let me tell you a little more about the probable future tense... You can also use it for the present.

If someone asks you 'Should we call Tim?' You might answer 'Tim? Well it's 11:00pm right now. He's probably going to be in bed.'

You see that! We used "going to be" even though we are talking about the present. You can do the same thing in Korean

Tim은 침대에 있을거예요.

Tim is probably going to be in bed.

So now not only can you describe the future, but also you can describe things that are probably happening in the present. Thanks to this lesson.

And thanks for studying with me.

Korean Temperature Vocabulary

***THIS IS A WORK IN PROGRESS

 Hello my fellow students, this is a continuation of our lesson on the weather. The last lesson taught you how to describe weather with words like sunny, cloudy. rainy, snowy, etc. This lesson will describe temperature. Starting with hot. There are a few ways to say hot. 

If a person or an animal feels hot, then use the verb 덥다 (deop-da). and 덥다 is an irregular verb so I will conjugate it for you. I've included the past tense, present tense, and we haven't learned future tense on this channel yet but we will soon, so I will include it here.

You can see 3 different colors here (purple, blue, & dark blue) and the 3 colors represent the concept of casual, polite, and formal language... If you don't know what that is there's a video on it here. 

Remember this word deop-da only refers to the feeling of being hot, so only use it for people or animals. For example: "I am hot."= "jeo-neun deo-wo-yo." or "My dog is hot." = "je gae-neun deo-wo-yo." You would never use deop-da when talking about a pizza for example because pizzas don't have feelings.

If an inanimate object like a pizza is hot we use the verb 뜨겁다 ddeu-geop-da. It can also describe animate living things, but ddeu-geop-da does not describe the way you feel, but rather the temperature you are. Feel free to use either ddeu-geop-da or deop-da when describing people/animals. But only use ddeu-geop-da when describing objects that don't have the ability to think or feel. 

And wouldn't ya know it ddeu-geop-da this is also an irregular verb. So here it is conjugated for you.

 and lets turn down the heat a little and talk about warm 따뜻하다 dda-ddeut-ha-da. and this one is not irregular we can conjugate it like normal. But don't try to memorize the conjugated forms. Instead, memorize the infinitive form and memorize the conjugation rules Its the best way. There is less to remember.

The next temperature vocabulary word is cool. To be cool is 시원하다 and this word can have other meanings. Primarily it means to feel cool and refreshing. It can, however be used in other ways that an English speaker would not usually describe as cool and refreshing. for example The feeling of eating spicy soup: shi-won-ha-da, and, the feeling of getting a massage shi won ha da. The feeling of getting into a relaxing hot bath shi won ha-da.. I think it is summed up as a refreshing feeling. to be refreshingly cool shi-won-ha-da

A word for when the temperature gets a little cooler than shi-won-ha-da is 선선하다 which can only describe weather. never say jeoneun seon-seon-hae-yo. only say nalsshineun seon-seon-hae-yo, it describes weather. 

cooler still is 서늘하다. 

When it is no longer just cool and it's down right chilly say sal-sal-ha-da.

When its actually cold use the word 춥다. Another irregular verb.추워요

Then when it is very cold here are the words you use. 차디차다 /냉랭하다/얼다

So there is your little thermometer of temperatures.

But what if you want to be exact? How can I say It is 15 degrees Celsius. In Korea they use the Celsius scale, hopefully you are familiar with Celsius. Anyway to say 15 degrees Celsius it is 섭씨 15도입니다

seop-sshi is the word for Celsius and do is the word for degree. The word for "is" is  imnida if you're talking to a large group ye-yo if you are speaking politely and ya if you are speaking casually. If you aren't already familiar with the korean words for is head to that video in the description.

hot 덥다(더워요)person/animal feels hot/뜨겁다(irreg. 뜨거워요.)is hot

warm  따뜻하다

cool 시원하다/선선하다. The word '선선하다' is for weather only.

But, the word '시원하다' has various meaning.

1. when weather is cold.

2. when you eating hot or spicy soup.

3. when you eating cold or refreshing thing

3. when you get a massage.

chilly 쌀쌀하다 

cool to cold: 시원하다 - 선선하다 - 서늘하다 - 쌀쌀하다 - 춥다

cold 춥다(irregular)추워요/차디차다 [(very) cold, icy, frosty, ice-cold]/냉랭하다/얼다

15 degrees Celsius 섭씨 15도

TO FEEL HOT (IN AN ANIMAL'S MIND) 덥다

TO BE HOT 뜨겁다

TO BE WARM 따뜻하다 

TO BE REFRESHING/COOL (IN AN ANIMAL'S MIND) 시원하다

TO BE COOL (WEATHER) 선선하다

TO BE COOL 서늘하다

TO BE CHILLY 쌀쌀하다

TO BE COLD 춥다

TO BE VERY COLD 차디차다, 냉랭하다 

TO BE FREEZING 얼다

DEGREES 도

CELSIUS 섭씨

Notice the word order here Celsius 15 degrees. The word for degrees (do) is a counter word. And counter words, you may recall, always go after the number.... If you don't know what counter words are don't worry too much but there is a vid in the description if you're curious. 

Thanks for studying with me.

Korean Temperature Vocabulary Chart

 

Weather Vocabulary

 

Conjugating into the Simple Present (Casual and Polite)

 

Korean Words for "To Wear" Vocabulary Chart

 

Korean Clothing Vocabulary Chart 3

 

Clothing VOCABULARY LIST 2

 

Clothing VOCABULARY LIST 1