Saturday, December 24, 2016
Basic Korean Vocabulary
WATCH THE LESSON HERE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzLEm9TyENQ
We are now going to learn some basic Korean vocabulary. These are words that I think you should know in any language you are even vaguely interested in.
HELLO, GOODBYE, YES, NO, PLEASE, THANK YOU, YOU'RE WELCOME & I'M SORRY.
In Korean there is a casual way to say things, and there is a polite way to say things, and, sometimes, there is also a formal way to say things. That means that when you learn Korean you have to learn two, or, sometimes, three ways of saying the same thing: the casual way, the polite way, and the formal way.
The casual way of speaking is used with close friends, and people who are younger than you.
The polite way of speaking is for strangers, and people who are older than you, and people who are ranked higher than you, at work, for example. If your boss is younger than you you still have to speak to him or her politely.
The formal way of speaking, likewise, is used for strangers, people who are older than you, or ranked higher than you. But, moreover, it is the more common way of speaking when addressing a large group of people and it is used in the military. You may also consider using it when addressing the elderly, or any time you wish to show an extra level of respect.
To sumize, I would say polite language is more appropriate for one-on-one interactions and formal is more appropriate when speaking to groups, or showing extra respect to a person.
Polite language and formal language can be used interchangeably. You can mix them into the same paragraph, and, in fact, many words only have one version that is considered both polite, and formal.
However, you should not mix the casual language in with the polite and formal. That, makes no sense. Either you have a respectful relationship with the person you're talking to or you have a casual-friendly relationship with them. Your relationship shouldn't change mid-speech.
Another thing to note is that because of the three types of language we get a situation in Korean conversations that we don't usually experience in English conversations. A situation where one person is speaking with formal language, and the other person is speaking in casual language. Imagine an English conversation like that. For example, you would say politely and formally "Hello, Grandmother" and your Grandmother would reply all casually "'sup dawg".
Even if you do, by chance, have a grandma who speaks like that she would expect you to match her level of informality. So you would both be speaking casual. Or, in a much more common situation, you would both be speaking formally. It is very rare that you have one person speaking formally, and one speaking casually in an English conversation, but this happens often in Korean.
So now let's get to this vocabulary.
Let's begin with hello.
안녕하세요
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo
This is both the formal and polite way of saying hello. Korean words can be quite long. Why do we need 5 syllables just to say hello? Well, what it literally means is "Are you at peace?" or "Be at peace". It isn't really a question that requires a yes, or no answer. When someone says "Annyeonghaseyo" you should respond with the same. It's a lovely sentiment isn't it? Wishing someone inner peace.
But, when we are talking casually with our friends we don't want to say that big long word. So we shorten it to:
안녕
An-nyeong
and what does annyeong mean? PEACE.
We English speakers sometimes use that as a greeting too.
PEACE! ANNYEONG!
Now what about Goodbye?
Well... there are two types of goodbye. Which one you use depends on whether the people you are talking to are leaving, or you are leaving.
If they are leaving the extra polite way to say goodbye is
안녕히 가십시오
an-nyeong-hi ga-sip-si-o
Notice it has the word peace in it too. That is because "Annyeonghi gasipsio" literally means "go peacefully" or "go with peace". Remember, this is the extra polite way to say goodbye.
If They are leaving the polite way to say goodbye is
안녕히 가세요
An-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo
It means literally the same thing as the extra polite version, "go peacefully" or "go with peace" The difference is that the first one was extra polite and this one is just polite.
To casually say goodbye to people who are leaving it's what we learned just a moment ago.
안녕
An-nyeong
That's right to say goodbye to your friends you can just say PEACE.
Alternatively you can say goodbye to people who are leaving by just wishing them well, without all that PEACE stuff.
When we are polite we say
잘가요
Jal-ga-yo
Jal means well and ga-yo means go
This literally means "go well"
To say it casually you say
잘가
Jal-ga
just cut off the yo part. Jal means well. Ga is go. This literally means "go well"
Now let's learn the type of goodbye that you should say when you are the one leaving. The extra polite way is:
안녕히 계십시오
"An-nyeong-hi gye-sip-si-o"
It is so similar to the other goodbye right? The only difference is gye instead of ga
An-nyeong-hi-gye-sip-si-o
So the literal translation is probably very similar right?
This one means "stay peacefully" or "stay with peace". Ga is go and gye is stay
The polite version of goodbye when you are leaving is:
안녕히 계세요
"an-nyeong-hi gye-se-yo"
Compare it to the polite goodbye for when they are leaving. Again the only difference is that we change ga to gye:
It means "stay in peace"
When we are being caual we can just say PEACE!
안녕
An-nyeong
It makes sense no matter who is leaving. Peace! Anyeong!
Now how do we wish someone well when we are leaving? The polite way is:
잘있어요
Jal i-sseo-yo
Jal means "well" and i-sse-yo means "be". Jal i-ssseo-yo means "be well"
The casual goodbye for when you are leaving is
잘있어
Jal i-seo
same literal meaning just more casual.
NOW, WHAT IF YOU ARE BOTH leaving?? Well, If you are both going then you can both say go well, or go with peace.
One more thing to remember if you really want to say hello or goodbye respectfully you should do a little bow when you say the words.
Yes, I know, it's a lot to remember there are a lot of ways to say goodbye. But you will find it easier if you look for patterns. Many of these words contain identical syllables. That should make things easier to memorize.
Let's move on to the word "Yes" The formal version is
예"ye"
the polite version is
네"ne"
Be careful with this one. Don't get confused. Neh is yes.
the casual versions of yes are
응 "eung"
and
어 "eo"
How do you say no? Well, the formal version is
아님니다
a-nim-ni-da
the polite version is
아니요
a-ni-yo.
and the casual version is
아니
a-ni.
Notice the similarities between the yes's and the similarities between the no's.
The next word is "Please". For "Please" the word you should learn is
주세요
ju-se-yo
However, this is used a little differently than the English please. If you want someone to give you something you say the THING that you want them to give you followed by ju-se-yo
For example Ice Cream:
a-i-seu-keu-rim ju-se-yo (아이스크림 주세요).
Ice Cream is a good example because it is practically the same word in Korean and English. "a-i-seu-keu-rim ju-se-yo" means "please give me ice cream". Or "Ice cream, please!"
But, what if you want someone to do something for you rather than, give you something? Well, you can use ju-se-yo then too. Say the modified ACTION WORD, or modified VERB (to use the correct terminology) and add ju-se-yo to the end. We haven't learned any verbs, or how to modify them yet, so, we can't really look at an example. But, you can imagine it to be almost anything: "sit please", "jump please", "hide please"... any action.
The other way we can use ju-se-yo is when we want someone to do an ACTION(verb) to a THING. Like "VERB the Ice Cream, please". In Korean that would be "Ice cream MODIFIED VERB-juseyo". We can imagine the modified verb to be anything you can do to ice cream: eat, scoop, drop. Just remember the word order here: THING VERB-juseyo. Using English words for an example:
"Ice Cream, eat please"
THING VERB-juseyo
Remember, it is a modified verb not the whole verb. Modifying verbs is still a little too advanced for us at this point. We haven't even learned any verbs yet. So that's something to look forward to in a future lesson.
Now, to be extra polite you can insert the word "Jom" (좀) between the verb and the Noun or THING. Your sentence would look like this:
NOUN jom modVERB-juseyo
If there is no Noun
jom modVERB-juseyo
If there is no VERB even easier
NOUN Jom Juseyo
aiseukeurim Jom Juseyo
Remember, if there is no verb the implied verb is give me.
Now, what is the casual way to say please?
Well, there is no casual way to say please. Think about it. The point of saying please is to be polite. So, of course you are going to use the polite way of speaking to say please.
Remember earlier when I said never mix polite language with casual language? Well, here is the exception. When you say please always use the polite form even if you have a casual relationship with the person.
Let's learn how to say Thank You.
There are two versions of thank you. with three different levels of respect each.
The formal ones are
Gam-sa-ham-ni-da 감사합니다 and
Go-map-seum-ni-da 고맙습니다
The polite ones are
Gam-sa-hae-yo 감사해요 and
Go-ma-wo-yo 고마워요
and the casual ones are
Gam-sa 감사 and
Go-ma-wo고마워
This version the one that begins with gam-sa is more fancy sounding.
The other one, that begins with Go-ma, has an interesting literal translation. Go means high, and ma is a reference to the earth goddess: Mother earth. when you say Go-ma-wo-yo you are comparing the person to a goddess. Like in English where we might thank some on by saying "you're a saint!". Not something you necessarily need remember but I find these details fascinating, personally.
Let's learn how to say You're Welcome. You have a few options here.
One way to say you're welcome in Korean is to say
괜찮습니다
gwaen-chan-seum-ni-da
that's the formal way
괜찮아요
gwaen-chan-a-yo
that's the polite way
or
괜찮아
gwaen-chan-a
that's the casual way
This literally means "that's alright" as in "that's alright no need to thank me".
Another thing you can say is
아님니다 a-nim-ni-da as we just learned animnida is the formal way of saying "No" as in "No, you don't need to thank me"
more casually we can say
아니야 a-ni-ya. Again it means no as in "no you don't need to thank me" or "no problem".
And finally, let's learn how to say I'm Sorry.
The formal way is 미안합니다 mi-an-ham-ni-da
The polite way is 미안해요 mi-an-hae-yo
the casual way is 미안해 mi-an-hae
But there is another way to say it. If you mess up big time to someone very important there is a super respectful way to apologize and that is
죄송합니다
jwi-song-ham-nida in the formal form and
죄송 해요
jwi-song-hae-yo in the polite form.
So there is our beginner vocabulary. You can notice from the chart that the formal form of words usually end in nida and the polite form usually ends in hae-yo or just yo. And the casual is a lot like the polite except without the yo. So in English we add yo yo yo our sentences to sound cool! But, in Korean that just comes off sounding really, really polite.
At this point I have taught you all the most common was of saying this vocabulary.
If you would like to learn some alternative ways to say Hello, Goodbye, Please, and You're Welcome we're going to look at those now.
So, we learned casual hello (annyeong), but there is another one that you might want to learn. That is
and it means "you're here!" or "you came!" It gained popularity because it sounds a lot like the English phrase "what's up?"
and you can add yo at the end to make it more polite "what's up, yo"
There is also a different way to say hello when you answer the phone. When you answer the phone in korea you say
여보세요
yeo-bo-se-yo
Here are a couple alternative goodbyes
Jal-ji-nae(-yo) 잘지내(요) which mean "leave well" for when they are leaving
and these following ones can be used no matter whether it is you leaving or them leaving.
Nae-il bwa(-yo)내일 봐요= see you tommorrow
ddo man na(-yo) 또 만나요= see you again
geon-gang-hae(-yo)건강해요=stay healthy
There are a few other versions of please. One you may have seen or heard else where is je-bal 제발. Which is a please for when you are in a very desperate situation and begging for something je-bal
Another one that a lot of phrasebooks and dictionaries give is butag-hamnida 부탁합니다 which means "I beg of you" and is really not used very frequently.
I told you earlier there is is no casual way of saying please, but there sort of is. However, it doesn't make your sentence more polite. In fact, it, actually, makes it more rude and it is something you say when your patience is worn out. That word is: jwo 줘. As in "aiseu keurim jwo". For when you've been asking for ice cream for an hour and you still haven't gotten it yet. "Aiseu keurim jwo". Don't know about about you, but my patience doesn't last that long when there's sugary food to be had.
Let's move on, You're Welcome. A common translation of you're welcome that you may see in other resources is cheon-man-e-yo. But don't use this one. Never use this one. It means "Not at all" which is a reasonable response when some says thank you. It's just that it's not how most people talk.
OK, now we are thoroughly done. I tried to cover as many ways of saying this basic vocab that I could without making things overly confusing. Make sure you give the quizzes a try when you feel you have mastered it.
Now I am leaving you so I will say will say An-nyeong-hi gye-seo-yo and Gam-sa-ham-ni-da for studying with me. Stay with peace and Thank you (for studying with me).
WATCH THE LESSON HERE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzLEm9TyENQ
We are now going to learn some basic Korean vocabulary. These are words that I think you should know in any language you are even vaguely interested in.
HELLO, GOODBYE, YES, NO, PLEASE, THANK YOU, YOU'RE WELCOME & I'M SORRY.
In Korean there is a casual way to say things, and there is a polite way to say things, and, sometimes, there is also a formal way to say things. That means that when you learn Korean you have to learn two, or, sometimes, three ways of saying the same thing: the casual way, the polite way, and the formal way.
The casual way of speaking is used with close friends, and people who are younger than you.
The polite way of speaking is for strangers, and people who are older than you, and people who are ranked higher than you, at work, for example. If your boss is younger than you you still have to speak to him or her politely.
The formal way of speaking, likewise, is used for strangers, people who are older than you, or ranked higher than you. But, moreover, it is the more common way of speaking when addressing a large group of people and it is used in the military. You may also consider using it when addressing the elderly, or any time you wish to show an extra level of respect.
To sumize, I would say polite language is more appropriate for one-on-one interactions and formal is more appropriate when speaking to groups, or showing extra respect to a person.
Polite language and formal language can be used interchangeably. You can mix them into the same paragraph, and, in fact, many words only have one version that is considered both polite, and formal.
However, you should not mix the casual language in with the polite and formal. That, makes no sense. Either you have a respectful relationship with the person you're talking to or you have a casual-friendly relationship with them. Your relationship shouldn't change mid-speech.
Another thing to note is that because of the three types of language we get a situation in Korean conversations that we don't usually experience in English conversations. A situation where one person is speaking with formal language, and the other person is speaking in casual language. Imagine an English conversation like that. For example, you would say politely and formally "Hello, Grandmother" and your Grandmother would reply all casually "'sup dawg".
Even if you do, by chance, have a grandma who speaks like that she would expect you to match her level of informality. So you would both be speaking casual. Or, in a much more common situation, you would both be speaking formally. It is very rare that you have one person speaking formally, and one speaking casually in an English conversation, but this happens often in Korean.
So now let's get to this vocabulary.
Let's begin with hello.
안녕하세요
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo
This is both the formal and polite way of saying hello. Korean words can be quite long. Why do we need 5 syllables just to say hello? Well, what it literally means is "Are you at peace?" or "Be at peace". It isn't really a question that requires a yes, or no answer. When someone says "Annyeonghaseyo" you should respond with the same. It's a lovely sentiment isn't it? Wishing someone inner peace.
But, when we are talking casually with our friends we don't want to say that big long word. So we shorten it to:
안녕
An-nyeong
and what does annyeong mean? PEACE.
We English speakers sometimes use that as a greeting too.
PEACE! ANNYEONG!
Now what about Goodbye?
Well... there are two types of goodbye. Which one you use depends on whether the people you are talking to are leaving, or you are leaving.
If they are leaving the extra polite way to say goodbye is
안녕히 가십시오
an-nyeong-hi ga-sip-si-o
Notice it has the word peace in it too. That is because "Annyeonghi gasipsio" literally means "go peacefully" or "go with peace". Remember, this is the extra polite way to say goodbye.
If They are leaving the polite way to say goodbye is
안녕히 가세요
An-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo
It means literally the same thing as the extra polite version, "go peacefully" or "go with peace" The difference is that the first one was extra polite and this one is just polite.
To casually say goodbye to people who are leaving it's what we learned just a moment ago.
안녕
An-nyeong
That's right to say goodbye to your friends you can just say PEACE.
Alternatively you can say goodbye to people who are leaving by just wishing them well, without all that PEACE stuff.
When we are polite we say
잘가요
Jal-ga-yo
Jal means well and ga-yo means go
This literally means "go well"
To say it casually you say
잘가
Jal-ga
just cut off the yo part. Jal means well. Ga is go. This literally means "go well"
Now let's learn the type of goodbye that you should say when you are the one leaving. The extra polite way is:
안녕히 계십시오
"An-nyeong-hi gye-sip-si-o"
It is so similar to the other goodbye right? The only difference is gye instead of ga
An-nyeong-hi-gye-sip-si-o
So the literal translation is probably very similar right?
This one means "stay peacefully" or "stay with peace". Ga is go and gye is stay
The polite version of goodbye when you are leaving is:
안녕히 계세요
"an-nyeong-hi gye-se-yo"
Compare it to the polite goodbye for when they are leaving. Again the only difference is that we change ga to gye:
It means "stay in peace"
When we are being caual we can just say PEACE!
안녕
An-nyeong
It makes sense no matter who is leaving. Peace! Anyeong!
Now how do we wish someone well when we are leaving? The polite way is:
잘있어요
Jal i-sseo-yo
Jal means "well" and i-sse-yo means "be". Jal i-ssseo-yo means "be well"
The casual goodbye for when you are leaving is
잘있어
Jal i-seo
same literal meaning just more casual.
NOW, WHAT IF YOU ARE BOTH leaving?? Well, If you are both going then you can both say go well, or go with peace.
One more thing to remember if you really want to say hello or goodbye respectfully you should do a little bow when you say the words.
Yes, I know, it's a lot to remember there are a lot of ways to say goodbye. But you will find it easier if you look for patterns. Many of these words contain identical syllables. That should make things easier to memorize.
Let's move on to the word "Yes" The formal version is
예"ye"
the polite version is
네"ne"
Be careful with this one. Don't get confused. Neh is yes.
the casual versions of yes are
응 "eung"
and
어 "eo"
How do you say no? Well, the formal version is
아님니다
a-nim-ni-da
the polite version is
아니요
a-ni-yo.
and the casual version is
아니
a-ni.
Notice the similarities between the yes's and the similarities between the no's.
The next word is "Please". For "Please" the word you should learn is
주세요
ju-se-yo
However, this is used a little differently than the English please. If you want someone to give you something you say the THING that you want them to give you followed by ju-se-yo
For example Ice Cream:
a-i-seu-keu-rim ju-se-yo (아이스크림 주세요).
Ice Cream is a good example because it is practically the same word in Korean and English. "a-i-seu-keu-rim ju-se-yo" means "please give me ice cream". Or "Ice cream, please!"
But, what if you want someone to do something for you rather than, give you something? Well, you can use ju-se-yo then too. Say the modified ACTION WORD, or modified VERB (to use the correct terminology) and add ju-se-yo to the end. We haven't learned any verbs, or how to modify them yet, so, we can't really look at an example. But, you can imagine it to be almost anything: "sit please", "jump please", "hide please"... any action.
The other way we can use ju-se-yo is when we want someone to do an ACTION(verb) to a THING. Like "VERB the Ice Cream, please". In Korean that would be "Ice cream MODIFIED VERB-juseyo". We can imagine the modified verb to be anything you can do to ice cream: eat, scoop, drop. Just remember the word order here: THING VERB-juseyo. Using English words for an example:
"Ice Cream, eat please"
THING VERB-juseyo
Remember, it is a modified verb not the whole verb. Modifying verbs is still a little too advanced for us at this point. We haven't even learned any verbs yet. So that's something to look forward to in a future lesson.
Now, to be extra polite you can insert the word "Jom" (좀) between the verb and the Noun or THING. Your sentence would look like this:
NOUN jom modVERB-juseyo
If there is no Noun
jom modVERB-juseyo
If there is no VERB even easier
NOUN Jom Juseyo
aiseukeurim Jom Juseyo
Remember, if there is no verb the implied verb is give me.
Now, what is the casual way to say please?
Well, there is no casual way to say please. Think about it. The point of saying please is to be polite. So, of course you are going to use the polite way of speaking to say please.
Remember earlier when I said never mix polite language with casual language? Well, here is the exception. When you say please always use the polite form even if you have a casual relationship with the person.
Let's learn how to say Thank You.
There are two versions of thank you. with three different levels of respect each.
The formal ones are
Gam-sa-ham-ni-da 감사합니다 and
Go-map-seum-ni-da 고맙습니다
The polite ones are
Gam-sa-hae-yo 감사해요 and
Go-ma-wo-yo 고마워요
and the casual ones are
Gam-sa 감사 and
Go-ma-wo고마워
This version the one that begins with gam-sa is more fancy sounding.
The other one, that begins with Go-ma, has an interesting literal translation. Go means high, and ma is a reference to the earth goddess: Mother earth. when you say Go-ma-wo-yo you are comparing the person to a goddess. Like in English where we might thank some on by saying "you're a saint!". Not something you necessarily need remember but I find these details fascinating, personally.
Let's learn how to say You're Welcome. You have a few options here.
One way to say you're welcome in Korean is to say
괜찮습니다
gwaen-chan-seum-ni-da
that's the formal way
괜찮아요
gwaen-chan-a-yo
that's the polite way
or
괜찮아
gwaen-chan-a
that's the casual way
This literally means "that's alright" as in "that's alright no need to thank me".
Another thing you can say is
아님니다 a-nim-ni-da as we just learned animnida is the formal way of saying "No" as in "No, you don't need to thank me"
more casually we can say
아니야 a-ni-ya. Again it means no as in "no you don't need to thank me" or "no problem".
And finally, let's learn how to say I'm Sorry.
The formal way is 미안합니다 mi-an-ham-ni-da
The polite way is 미안해요 mi-an-hae-yo
the casual way is 미안해 mi-an-hae
But there is another way to say it. If you mess up big time to someone very important there is a super respectful way to apologize and that is
죄송합니다
jwi-song-ham-nida in the formal form and
죄송 해요
jwi-song-hae-yo in the polite form.
So there is our beginner vocabulary. You can notice from the chart that the formal form of words usually end in nida and the polite form usually ends in hae-yo or just yo. And the casual is a lot like the polite except without the yo. So in English we add yo yo yo our sentences to sound cool! But, in Korean that just comes off sounding really, really polite.
At this point I have taught you all the most common was of saying this vocabulary.
If you would like to learn some alternative ways to say Hello, Goodbye, Please, and You're Welcome we're going to look at those now.
So, we learned casual hello (annyeong), but there is another one that you might want to learn. That is
and it means "you're here!" or "you came!" It gained popularity because it sounds a lot like the English phrase "what's up?"
and you can add yo at the end to make it more polite "what's up, yo"
There is also a different way to say hello when you answer the phone. When you answer the phone in korea you say
여보세요
yeo-bo-se-yo
Here are a couple alternative goodbyes
Jal-ji-nae(-yo) 잘지내(요) which mean "leave well" for when they are leaving
and these following ones can be used no matter whether it is you leaving or them leaving.
Nae-il bwa(-yo)내일 봐요= see you tommorrow
ddo man na(-yo) 또 만나요= see you again
geon-gang-hae(-yo)건강해요=stay healthy
There are a few other versions of please. One you may have seen or heard else where is je-bal 제발. Which is a please for when you are in a very desperate situation and begging for something je-bal
Another one that a lot of phrasebooks and dictionaries give is butag-hamnida 부탁합니다 which means "I beg of you" and is really not used very frequently.
I told you earlier there is is no casual way of saying please, but there sort of is. However, it doesn't make your sentence more polite. In fact, it, actually, makes it more rude and it is something you say when your patience is worn out. That word is: jwo 줘. As in "aiseu keurim jwo". For when you've been asking for ice cream for an hour and you still haven't gotten it yet. "Aiseu keurim jwo". Don't know about about you, but my patience doesn't last that long when there's sugary food to be had.
Let's move on, You're Welcome. A common translation of you're welcome that you may see in other resources is cheon-man-e-yo. But don't use this one. Never use this one. It means "Not at all" which is a reasonable response when some says thank you. It's just that it's not how most people talk.
OK, now we are thoroughly done. I tried to cover as many ways of saying this basic vocab that I could without making things overly confusing. Make sure you give the quizzes a try when you feel you have mastered it.
Now I am leaving you so I will say will say An-nyeong-hi gye-seo-yo and Gam-sa-ham-ni-da for studying with me. Stay with peace and Thank you (for studying with me).
WATCH THE LESSON HERE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzLEm9TyENQ
Saturday, October 15, 2016
Ordinal Numbers
WATCH THE LESSON HERE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TV1C5fIkWiA
This lesson is on ordinal numbers like first, second, third fourth, etc. We will learn how to say them in both the Native Korean and the Sino-Korean numbering systems. Let's start with the Native Korean.
Now, when we are talking about the order of things we can talk about the order of actions or events in time, or we can talk about the order of objects in physical space. For example, I can say "she is going to Korea for the third time." That is an event in ordered in time. Or, I can say "this is the third strawberry from the left." That is its order in physical space. In English we can use the same word "third" for both situations. In Korean we must use a different word for "third" depending on whether things are arranged in time or in space.
Let's learn how to order things in time. Remember last lesson where I taught you how to say once, twice, thrice, four times, five times,...
Well we're going to start out the same way.
We take the native numbers, and cut off the last letter of the first four, and to all of them we add -beon, which means "times". This is just like last lesson.
Then, we add -jjae to the end.
We are almost done! Just one little thing: first does not start with "han". We change the beginning of the word to cheot. To say first you say cheot-beon-jjae.
And now we're done.
That is how you make the ordinal numbers when describing events in time. Remember beon means "time".
To say the ordinal numbers when describing objects in physical space it is even easier.
Start with the native numbers. Change hana to cheot, and add -jjae to the end. AND WE'RE DONE! The first four numbers get to keep their last letter this time.
Now the Sino Korean numbers: for objects in space we add the prefix je. and that's it!
For events in time we, again, add the prefix je- and the suffix -cha.
And there ya go.
We've now covered ordinal numbers in Native Korean and Sino Korean for objects ordered in space and events ordered in time. Thanks for studyin' with me!
This lesson is on ordinal numbers like first, second, third fourth, etc. We will learn how to say them in both the Native Korean and the Sino-Korean numbering systems. Let's start with the Native Korean.
Now, when we are talking about the order of things we can talk about the order of actions or events in time, or we can talk about the order of objects in physical space. For example, I can say "she is going to Korea for the third time." That is an event in ordered in time. Or, I can say "this is the third strawberry from the left." That is its order in physical space. In English we can use the same word "third" for both situations. In Korean we must use a different word for "third" depending on whether things are arranged in time or in space.
Let's learn how to order things in time. Remember last lesson where I taught you how to say once, twice, thrice, four times, five times,...
Well we're going to start out the same way.
We take the native numbers, and cut off the last letter of the first four, and to all of them we add -beon, which means "times". This is just like last lesson.
Then, we add -jjae to the end.
We are almost done! Just one little thing: first does not start with "han". We change the beginning of the word to cheot. To say first you say cheot-beon-jjae.
And now we're done.
That is how you make the ordinal numbers when describing events in time. Remember beon means "time".
Start with the native numbers. Change hana to cheot, and add -jjae to the end. AND WE'RE DONE! The first four numbers get to keep their last letter this time.
Now the Sino Korean numbers: for objects in space we add the prefix je. and that's it!
For events in time we, again, add the prefix je- and the suffix -cha.
And there ya go.
WATCH THE LESSON HERE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TV1C5fIkWiA
Tuesday, September 27, 2016
Korean Vocabulary- Once, Twice, Thrice,...
Watch The Lesson Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG4-_RhhRL4
This lesson will teach you how to count events or actions. Things that happened once, twice, thrice, four times, five times, six times, etc. We start with the Native Korean numbers.
Then, we cut off the last letter of each of the first four numbers.
We re-arrange ha-n so it is all in one syllable block.
Numbers five and up stay just the way they are.
Now we add the suffix beon. which means time.
AND WE'RE DONE!
Postscript
Do you like Korean music? If so, you've probably heard of the KPOP groups GOT7 and Twice from the JYPEntertainment company.
When Korean fans pronounce GOT7 they say it like "Got Se-ben" because the Korean language has no "V" sound. "Seben" sounds a lot like the word for thrice: se-beon. So they've got something that sounds like thrice, and then what does the company name the new girl group?
Twice.
Pretty clever, eh?
Their name translated into Korean would be du-beon.
However, the company tells us they are actually called Twice because the audience enjoys them "once through their ears and twice through their eyes."
I'm just speculating, but I feel like this explaination may have been written after the name was chosen.
Thanks for studying with me.
Watch The Lesson Here:
This lesson will teach you how to count events or actions. Things that happened once, twice, thrice, four times, five times, six times, etc. We start with the Native Korean numbers.
Then, we cut off the last letter of each of the first four numbers.
We re-arrange ha-n so it is all in one syllable block.
Numbers five and up stay just the way they are.
Now we add the suffix beon. which means time.
AND WE'RE DONE!
Postscript
Do you like Korean music? If so, you've probably heard of the KPOP groups GOT7 and Twice from the JYPEntertainment company.
When Korean fans pronounce GOT7 they say it like "Got Se-ben" because the Korean language has no "V" sound. "Seben" sounds a lot like the word for thrice: se-beon. So they've got something that sounds like thrice, and then what does the company name the new girl group?
Twice.
Pretty clever, eh?
Their name translated into Korean would be du-beon.
However, the company tells us they are actually called Twice because the audience enjoys them "once through their ears and twice through their eyes."
I'm just speculating, but I feel like this explaination may have been written after the name was chosen.
Thanks for studying with me.
Watch The Lesson Here:
Saturday, September 24, 2016
Native Korean Numbering System
WATCH THE LESSON HERE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LR_F7R45m9g
This lesson is on the Native Korean numbering system. Korean has two numbering systems: the Native Korean, also called Pure Korean, and the Sino-Korean. Each numbering system is used in different situations as shown in the chart below. Notably, both systems can be used when reporting a person's age.
Let's get into it.
In the Native Korean numbering system
1 is 하나 ha-na
2 is 둘 dul
3 is 셋 set remember an ㅅ in the batchim sounds like "T"
4 is 넷 net
5 is 다섯 da-seot
6 is 여섯 yeo-seot
7 is 일곱 il-gop remember a ㅂ in the batchim sounds like "P"
8 is 여덟 yeo-deol remember when we have two letters in the batchim the last letter goes silent. Unless we have the combination ㄹ with ㅁ, ㅍ, or ㄱ.
9 is 아홉 a-hop
10 is 열 yeol
Let's count them again and then I will tell you a story to help you remember these numbers more easily.
It was a little harder coming up with a story for this numbering system than it was for the Sino-Korean system. But, it's an original story this time, not one I ripped off of someone else.
It starts off with this person named Hana and you want to challenge her to a duel. This is not a regular duel with pistols or swords. This is a badminton duel! Before you begin you have to set the net. Then, just as you're about to start the badminton duel, a chimney sweep runs in! He is followed by a big cloud of grey-black soot.
You yell "da soot! your soot!"
Then you feel ill and you cough, which sounds like "gop! gop!"
You've got a weird cough. You feel ill and you "gop". ill "gop" .
Then, to make things even worse, the chimney sweep starts to yodel! At this point you want that chimney sweep gone, and so you say.
"I hope you'll leave"
Let's go over that one more time.
Hana! Dul! Set net. Daseot! Yeoseot! ilgop! Yeodeol! Ahop yeol (leave).
Remember that "leave" isn't actually a number.
I hope you find this story helpful, or at very least difficult to forget.
Moving on to eleven. In Pure Korean eleven is ten one:
yeol-hana 열하나
This is similar to the pattern in Sino Korean.
Twelve is ten two.
yeol-dul 열둘
Thirteen is ten three
yeol-set 열셋
14 yeol-net 열넷
15 yeol-daseot 열다섯
You get the idea.
But, unlike sino Korean, in Native Korean we have to learn new words for numbers 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90. Let's learn them.
20 is 스물 seu-mul
30 is 서른 seo-reun
40 is 마흔 ma-heun
50 is 쉰 shwin
60 is 예순 ye-sun
70 is 일흔 il-heun
80 is 여든 yeo-deun
90 is 아흔 a-heun
I don't have a story to help you out here, but take a look at this.
70 is il-heun, and 7 is il-gop.
80 is yeo-deun, and 8 is yeo-deol.
90 is a-heun, and 9 is a-hop.
Do you see how the first syllable is the same? This should make the memorization just a little bit easier.
In Native Korean numbers you can make numbers like 21, 22, 23, 24,... the same way we do in English.
You say twenty, then you say one
seu-mul hana 스물하나
twenty two is twenty, then two
seu-mul dul 스물둘
23
seu-mul set 스물셋
24
seu-mul net 스물넷
The same procedure is used for all the numbers in the 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s, and 90s
The Native Korean numbering system rarely uses numbers over 100. For those you use the Sino Korean numbering system.
But, if you really want to know what 100 is
it's "on" 온
I hope you found this helpful. Here are some numbers for you to practice saying in Pure Korean.
When you can recite a list of numbers in Pure Korean you'll know you're getting the hang of it. Thanks for studying with me.
WATCH THE LESSON HERE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LR_F7R45m9g
This lesson is on the Native Korean numbering system. Korean has two numbering systems: the Native Korean, also called Pure Korean, and the Sino-Korean. Each numbering system is used in different situations as shown in the chart below. Notably, both systems can be used when reporting a person's age.
Let's get into it.
In the Native Korean numbering system
1 is 하나 ha-na
2 is 둘 dul
3 is 셋 set remember an ㅅ in the batchim sounds like "T"
4 is 넷 net
5 is 다섯 da-seot
6 is 여섯 yeo-seot
7 is 일곱 il-gop remember a ㅂ in the batchim sounds like "P"
8 is 여덟 yeo-deol remember when we have two letters in the batchim the last letter goes silent. Unless we have the combination ㄹ with ㅁ, ㅍ, or ㄱ.
9 is 아홉 a-hop
10 is 열 yeol
Let's count them again and then I will tell you a story to help you remember these numbers more easily.
It starts off with this person named Hana and you want to challenge her to a duel. This is not a regular duel with pistols or swords. This is a badminton duel! Before you begin you have to set the net. Then, just as you're about to start the badminton duel, a chimney sweep runs in! He is followed by a big cloud of grey-black soot.
You yell "da soot! your soot!"
Then you feel ill and you cough, which sounds like "gop! gop!"
You've got a weird cough. You feel ill and you "gop". ill "gop" .
Then, to make things even worse, the chimney sweep starts to yodel! At this point you want that chimney sweep gone, and so you say.
"I hope you'll leave"
Let's go over that one more time.
Hana! Dul! Set net. Daseot! Yeoseot! ilgop! Yeodeol! Ahop yeol (leave).
Remember that "leave" isn't actually a number.
I hope you find this story helpful, or at very least difficult to forget.
Moving on to eleven. In Pure Korean eleven is ten one:
yeol-hana 열하나
This is similar to the pattern in Sino Korean.
Twelve is ten two.
yeol-dul 열둘
Thirteen is ten three
yeol-set 열셋
14 yeol-net 열넷
15 yeol-daseot 열다섯
You get the idea.
But, unlike sino Korean, in Native Korean we have to learn new words for numbers 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90. Let's learn them.
20 is 스물 seu-mul
30 is 서른 seo-reun
40 is 마흔 ma-heun
50 is 쉰 shwin
60 is 예순 ye-sun
70 is 일흔 il-heun
80 is 여든 yeo-deun
90 is 아흔 a-heun
I don't have a story to help you out here, but take a look at this.
70 is il-heun, and 7 is il-gop.
80 is yeo-deun, and 8 is yeo-deol.
90 is a-heun, and 9 is a-hop.
Do you see how the first syllable is the same? This should make the memorization just a little bit easier.
In Native Korean numbers you can make numbers like 21, 22, 23, 24,... the same way we do in English.
You say twenty, then you say one
seu-mul hana 스물하나
twenty two is twenty, then two
seu-mul dul 스물둘
23
seu-mul set 스물셋
24
seu-mul net 스물넷
The same procedure is used for all the numbers in the 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s, and 90s
The Native Korean numbering system rarely uses numbers over 100. For those you use the Sino Korean numbering system.
But, if you really want to know what 100 is
it's "on" 온
I hope you found this helpful. Here are some numbers for you to practice saying in Pure Korean.
When you can recite a list of numbers in Pure Korean you'll know you're getting the hang of it. Thanks for studying with me.
WATCH THE LESSON HERE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LR_F7R45m9g
Saturday, September 17, 2016
Sino Korean Numbering System
Watch The Lesson Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLlaE1fASiw
In Korean there are two number systems: the Sino-Korean and the Native Korean or Pure Korean. Which numbering system you use depends on what you are counting.
In this lesson we will learn the Sino Korean numbering system.
The Sino Korean numbering system is used when counting:
age, date, phone numbers, addresses, floors in a building, money, temperature, measurement (such as distance, height, weight, volume), minutes, seconds, but not hours. The Sino Korean numbering system is is also the preferred system for high numbers (over 100)
The Native Korean numbering system, on the other hand, is used for counting:
hours, people and things, and age. (Both systems can be used for telling your age)
So let's learn this Sino Korean numbering system. It's really simple. I can teach you numbers 1 to 999,999,999,999 and you only have to memorize 14 words and do some simple math. When I say simple math I mean REALLY simple math, the easiest math you can imagine.
ALRIGHT! Let's start with zero.
Zero is either yeong or gong. Use yeong most of the time, but people often say gong for things like phone numbers. Much like in English when we often say "oh" instead of zero. You can remember that zero is yeong because, well, if your age is zero, then you are very "young". You can remember zero is gong because a gong is a metal disk that you can hit to make a noise, and its shape is round like a number zero.
Now let's look at the numbers from one to ten. Once we get to ten I'll tell you a little story to help you memorize these first ten numbers easily.
To make it easier to remember these numbers I have a story that you can use. To be honest, I got this idea from another person. Her video is linked HERE and she tells the story, probably, better than I do. OKAY, this is The Story of Young, Silly Sam. Young, silly Sam saw something and said
"oh, yuck!"
His friends, who are accustomed to his over reactions, said
"Chill, pal."
But he insisted, and pointed to was he saw while exclaiming
"GOO SHEEP!"
When his friends turned to look they saw sheep covered in goo.
So let's go over that again:
Young, Silly Sam saw "oh, yuck!" "chill, pal." "GOO SHEEP!"
Now you do have that remember that it is "eel", and not "sill"; and that it is "yook", and not "yuck"; also "cheel", and not "chill". But this story helped me remember the numbers.
Beyond ten is where the simple math comes in. Eleven is just ten plus one. So we call it ten-one:
sip-il 십일
Remember this word? I have used it as an example before. When we have a syllable that begins with a nothing consonant it is pronounced as if the consonant from the bottom of the previous syllable has moved in to the place where the nothing consonant is. Eleven is pronounced "shee-beel" si-bil
and twelve? We call that ten-two: shi-bi 십이
and so on:
This numbering system is beautifully predictable.
Now, how do we say 20? Well, 20 is 2 multiplied by 10 so we call it two-ten.
i-sip
How do we say 21? The same way we do in English. We say 20 then we say 1.
ee sheep eel oh but pronunciation rules
ee shee beel REMEMBER: no sheep eels. eel + sheep = no love
It goes on as predicted.
Then we get to thirty. Well to say twenty we said two-ten. Take a guess at how you say thirty. Yup three-ten
sam sheep
then we can count 31-39 the same method we used 21-29
I bet you won't be surprised to see what the pattern is for multiples of ten up to 90:
Now we're at 100
You can count 100-199 by adding the numbers 1-99 onto baek.
For Example:
Now, to say two hundred it's just like English: say two and say hundred:
i baek
300? sam baek
you now know how to count to 999.
But how do we say thousand?
all the way up! But, let's stop 9,000. Because we can't use this pattern for multiples of 1000 over 9,000.
To say ten thousand we can't do it like English and say ten and thousand. We get a whole new word:
and you can still keep going after that!
up to 1,000,000 and we can still keep the pattern going!
We continue with this pattern: just sticking bigger and bigger numbers in front of tenthousand, or in front of man.
Until we get to tenthousand tenthousand. Man man? NO!
tenthousand multiplied by tenthousand is 100,000,000
and we call that "eok"
You can now say all the numbers up to 999,999,999,999.
You just keep putting bigger numbers infront of eok.
When you get to 1 billion that's si-beok.
How do we say 999,999,999,999
Let's figure it out. First how many 100millions? how many eoks?
answer: 9,999. How do find that number quickly? Well you can think: where is the 100 millions column in this number?
999,999,999,999 right here! and take all the digits in front of that.
999,999,999,999
goocheon goobaek gooship goo eok
That's how many eoks, and now how many mans? How many tenthousands?
Find that 10thousands column and take every digit up to the 100millions digit.
999,999,999,999
goocheon goobaek gooship goo man
and the last part of the number
999,999,999,999
goocheon goobaek gooship goo
So altogether lets say the highest numbr we know in Korean
goocheon goobaek gooship goo eok
goocheon goobaek gooship goo man
goocheon goobaek gooship goo
So, those commas that we like to use in our numbers didnt really help us with the Sino Korean numbering system did they? In English we get a new word every three digits :
999,999,999,999
billion, million, thousand
but in Sino Korean we get a new word every 4 digits. It would be so much easier to see how to pronounce a large number if you put the commas like this
9999,9999,9999
eok, man
But they don't do that! They do it the way we do. Go figure!
Let's review the vocabulary really quick.
Use the story to help you remember how to count to 10. Counting is relatively easy, but being able to recall the numbers at random is something else. You'll know you've really got a hold on this vocabulary when you can recite a list of numbers like this:
Here are some large numbers. figure out how to say them in Korean if you like. Answers are below. If you want more practice you can, of course, come up with your own numbers.
Next lesson is on the Native Korean numbering system. Thanks for studying with me.
In Korean there are two number systems: the Sino-Korean and the Native Korean or Pure Korean. Which numbering system you use depends on what you are counting.
In this lesson we will learn the Sino Korean numbering system.
The Sino Korean numbering system is used when counting:
age, date, phone numbers, addresses, floors in a building, money, temperature, measurement (such as distance, height, weight, volume), minutes, seconds, but not hours. The Sino Korean numbering system is is also the preferred system for high numbers (over 100)
The Native Korean numbering system, on the other hand, is used for counting:
hours, people and things, and age. (Both systems can be used for telling your age)
So let's learn this Sino Korean numbering system. It's really simple. I can teach you numbers 1 to 999,999,999,999 and you only have to memorize 14 words and do some simple math. When I say simple math I mean REALLY simple math, the easiest math you can imagine.
ALRIGHT! Let's start with zero.
Zero is either yeong or gong. Use yeong most of the time, but people often say gong for things like phone numbers. Much like in English when we often say "oh" instead of zero. You can remember that zero is yeong because, well, if your age is zero, then you are very "young". You can remember zero is gong because a gong is a metal disk that you can hit to make a noise, and its shape is round like a number zero.
Now let's look at the numbers from one to ten. Once we get to ten I'll tell you a little story to help you memorize these first ten numbers easily.
To make it easier to remember these numbers I have a story that you can use. To be honest, I got this idea from another person. Her video is linked HERE and she tells the story, probably, better than I do. OKAY, this is The Story of Young, Silly Sam. Young, silly Sam saw something and said
"oh, yuck!"
His friends, who are accustomed to his over reactions, said
"Chill, pal."
But he insisted, and pointed to was he saw while exclaiming
"GOO SHEEP!"
When his friends turned to look they saw sheep covered in goo.
So let's go over that again:
Young, Silly Sam saw "oh, yuck!" "chill, pal." "GOO SHEEP!"
Now you do have that remember that it is "eel", and not "sill"; and that it is "yook", and not "yuck"; also "cheel", and not "chill". But this story helped me remember the numbers.
Beyond ten is where the simple math comes in. Eleven is just ten plus one. So we call it ten-one:
sip-il 십일
Remember this word? I have used it as an example before. When we have a syllable that begins with a nothing consonant it is pronounced as if the consonant from the bottom of the previous syllable has moved in to the place where the nothing consonant is. Eleven is pronounced "shee-beel" si-bil
and twelve? We call that ten-two: shi-bi 십이
and so on:
This numbering system is beautifully predictable.
Now, how do we say 20? Well, 20 is 2 multiplied by 10 so we call it two-ten.
i-sip
How do we say 21? The same way we do in English. We say 20 then we say 1.
ee sheep eel oh but pronunciation rules
ee shee beel REMEMBER: no sheep eels. eel + sheep = no love
It goes on as predicted.
Then we get to thirty. Well to say twenty we said two-ten. Take a guess at how you say thirty. Yup three-ten
sam sheep
then we can count 31-39 the same method we used 21-29
I bet you won't be surprised to see what the pattern is for multiples of ten up to 90:
Now we're at 100
You can count 100-199 by adding the numbers 1-99 onto baek.
For Example:
Now, to say two hundred it's just like English: say two and say hundred:
i baek
300? sam baek
you now know how to count to 999.
But how do we say thousand?
all the way up! But, let's stop 9,000. Because we can't use this pattern for multiples of 1000 over 9,000.
To say ten thousand we can't do it like English and say ten and thousand. We get a whole new word:
and you can still keep going after that!
up to 1,000,000 and we can still keep the pattern going!
We continue with this pattern: just sticking bigger and bigger numbers in front of tenthousand, or in front of man.
Until we get to tenthousand tenthousand. Man man? NO!
tenthousand multiplied by tenthousand is 100,000,000
and we call that "eok"
You can now say all the numbers up to 999,999,999,999.
You just keep putting bigger numbers infront of eok.
When you get to 1 billion that's si-beok.
How do we say 999,999,999,999
Let's figure it out. First how many 100millions? how many eoks?
answer: 9,999. How do find that number quickly? Well you can think: where is the 100 millions column in this number?
999,999,999,999 right here! and take all the digits in front of that.
999,999,999,999
goocheon goobaek gooship goo eok
That's how many eoks, and now how many mans? How many tenthousands?
Find that 10thousands column and take every digit up to the 100millions digit.
999,999,999,999
goocheon goobaek gooship goo man
and the last part of the number
999,999,999,999
goocheon goobaek gooship goo
So altogether lets say the highest numbr we know in Korean
goocheon goobaek gooship goo eok
goocheon goobaek gooship goo man
goocheon goobaek gooship goo
So, those commas that we like to use in our numbers didnt really help us with the Sino Korean numbering system did they? In English we get a new word every three digits :
999,999,999,999
billion, million, thousand
but in Sino Korean we get a new word every 4 digits. It would be so much easier to see how to pronounce a large number if you put the commas like this
9999,9999,9999
eok, man
But they don't do that! They do it the way we do. Go figure!
Let's review the vocabulary really quick.
Use the story to help you remember how to count to 10. Counting is relatively easy, but being able to recall the numbers at random is something else. You'll know you've really got a hold on this vocabulary when you can recite a list of numbers like this:
Here are some large numbers. figure out how to say them in Korean if you like. Answers are below. If you want more practice you can, of course, come up with your own numbers.
Next lesson is on the Native Korean numbering system. Thanks for studying with me.
Watch The Lesson Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLlaE1fASiw
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