Time Related Words

ROUGH DRAFT

This is a lesson on time related words. It is an expansion on the previous lesson where we learned time related words like tomorrow, next week, next month, and so on. Let's do it.

Let's start with yesterday. yesterday is "eo-je"

yesterday 어제

Today, today is o-neul

today 오늘

tomorrow is nae-il. We learned nae-il in the last lesson. This word has Chinese origin. il means day and nae comes from the Chinese word for coming. So. the coming day is nae-il.

tomorrow 내일

Now morning has two translation 'o-jeon' which also means a.m. and a new one for us 'a-chim'. a-chim is the one you use when you say good morning. You say 좋은 아침. and a-chim can also mean breakfast.

morning 아침/오전

afternoon, we learned before. It also means p.m. That word is 'o-hu'

afternoon 오후

Tonight can be said two ways. You can say 'this night' i-bam or 'today-night' o-neul-bam

tonight  오늘밤 이밤

OK now I wanna teach you the seasons. spring summer fall winter

spring is bom, summer is yeo-reum, fall is ga-eul, and winter is gyeo-ul

bom, yeo-reum, ga-eul, gyeo-ul.

Have you noticed the Korean name of Big Bang's song "Still Life"? bom, yeo-reum, ga-eul, gyeo-ul. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eN5mG_yMDiM

spring 봄 summer 여름 fall 가을 winter 겨울

and in case you need it here is a quick chart of days of the week and months of the year.

This brings us to the main focus of this video. The words for next and last

lets start with next. We already learned next week next month next year. da-eum-ju

da-eum dal and nae nyeon

da-eum means next in Korean and nae in nae-nyeon is like the nae in nae-il. Its derived from Chinese. It means the "coming". nae-nyeon is the coming year.

but there are other ways of saying next in Korean. Here they are. da-eum, dagaoneun or oneun, i-beon, ol-hae, naenyeon 

다가오는/오는 and 다음 are used in the same way. you can use them to say next or upcoming you see this 오 in 다가오는/오는 . That comes from the verb to come "o-da". Use that to help you remember that 다가오는 literally means upcoming and 오는 literally means coming 

다음 means next. It is most commonly used for next month and next week 다음 달 다음주. but you can also use it for days of the week, days of the year, months of the year, or seasons

also

이번 is another way of saying next. literally it means "this" "time". and you can also use it with days of the week, days of the year, months of the year, or seasons

내년 and 울해 require a bit of thought.

nae-nyeon means next-year so if it is 2022 and I say nae-nyeon I'm talking about 2023. nae-nyeon-shibiwol means next years december. So even though it is september 2022 and the next december will be december 2022 when i say next years december I'm talking about december 2023.

ol-hae means 'this year' so if it is september 2022 and I say ol-hae shibiwol I'm talking about december 2022. The thing about ol-hae is that it doesnt really mean 'next', it means 'this year'. It can refer to the past or the future. if you use it with months/seasons that havent happened yet. it refers to the future. If you use it with month/seasons that have already happened this year it refers to the past. When it is september I can say this year's january ol-hae il-wol to talk about the past.  or I can say this years december ol-hae shibiwol to talk about the future. 

So that is how we say Next and now Last.

(Jak-nyeon bom means last year's spring. for example if its 2022 and I say jak-nyeon bom I'm talking about spring 2021.)

you can say last spring using either ji-nan or jak-nyeon jeo-beon or the one we just learned ol-hae.

remember again ol-hae means "this year's" so if you want it to mean 'last' you have to use it with months/seasons that have already happened this year. If you use it with months/seasns that havent happenned it means 'next' 

Ji-nan just means the most recent. If it is October 2022 and I say last spring like ji-nan bom I'm talking about spring 2022. The MOST RECENT spring.

 If I say ji-nan bom in january 2022 I'm talking about spring 2021. the most recent spring.

However if I say jak-nyeon. Notice it has that nyeon in it. nyeon means yeaR. Jak-nyeon means last year. so jak-nyeon bom means last years spring.. for example if its 2022 and I say jak-nyeon bom I'm talking about spring 2021 no mater what day in 2022 it is if I say jak-nyeon bom i mean spring 2021.

jeo-beon is like i-beon. do you remember how "i" means "this" and :jeo" means "that" beon means. time. so jeo beon means that time. As in that time...in the past.

Chart of Time Words

 

Time Words

 WATCH THE VIDEO:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gvBCyo5E38

Days of The Week in Korean

 

Korean Future Tense - Part 4

THIS IS A VERY ROUGH DRAFT. IT CONTAINS MANY MISTAKES

Hi fellow students, it is time for my fourth lesson on the Korean future tense. You're probably realizing by now that there are many ways to make the Korean future tense. But fear not, fellow students, because in this lesson you will see that you don't actually need to make the future tense at all if you don't want to. Yes, you see, in Korean, you can make the future tense by making a statement in the present tense and then putting a future time in front of it. 

For example. "I cook." 저는 요리해요. (jeo-nuen yo-ri hae-yo.) That is a present tense statement. but then I put the word "tomorrow" in front of it: 

"Tomorrow I cook." = 내일 저는 요리해요. (nae-il jeo-neun yori-hae-yo.)

 Now it means "Tomorrow I will cook." This is a future tense statement even though I didn't do any conjugating at all. I just slapped the word tomorrow in front of the simple present and abra cadabra it is the future.

We're not gonna go over how to make the present tense but take a look at my charts here:

So, assuming you know how to make the present tense the only other thing I have to teach you is the word tomorrow: 내일 (nae-il), but we can replace that word with other words that indicate a future time, like "at 5:00", "on Wednesday", "in September", or "soon", "later", "next week", "next month", "next year".

Let's learn that.

We did already learn to tell time.

 Use the Native numbering system for hours and add "Shi"

"At 5:00" is 다섯시에 (da-seot-shi-e).   에 (e) means "at"

For our example "At 5:00 I will cook"

 다섯 시에 저는 요리해요. 

And use the sino Korean numbering system for the minutes and add 분(bun). At 5:30 I will cook. 

다섯 시 삼십분에  저는 요리해요. 

and you can say "In the morning I will cook" 오전에 저는 요리해요

"In the afternoon I will cook," 오후에 저는 요리해요

"Tonight I will cook" 이밤에 저는 요리해요

You could also indicate future using the days of the week. Do you remember those? wol-yo-il, hwa yo-il etc

Mon 월요일

Tues 화요일

Wed 수요일

Thur 목요일

Fri 금요일

Sat 토요일

Sun 일요일

then you add 에(e) at the end because 에(e) means "on" that's right! 에(e) can mean "at", "on" and "in". Kind of like the French word "à"

월요일에 저는 요리해요. wol-yo-il-e jeo-neun yo-ri-hae-yo

And finally, let's review months. Remember monthes are Sino korean numbers with the word 월(wol) at the end

일월

이월

삼월

사월

오월

유월

칠월

팔월

구월

시월

십일월

십이월

 then we and "e" to the end to make it say In January, In February etc

In January I will cook

일월에 저는 요리해요.

and there are more words soon is 곧(got), 곧, 저는 요리해요. later is 후에(hu-e) 후에, 저는 요리해요.

"next week" da-eum-ju and "next month" da-eum dal. 

da-eum means next. and next week is all one word. To say 'next Monday' you would say 'next week Monday' 다음주 월요일 

Then there is next year

nae-nyeon-e

this one does not have a da-eum. year is different because of the influence of Chinese on the Korean language

내년에, 저는 요리해요. 

And there is your chart of words that indicate a future time. And for some of them we need to add "e". 

Now, the whole point of this video has been to say that you can add these words to the beginning of your present tense sentences to make them future tense. But you can also put them in future tense sentences to be more specific.

곧, 저는 요리할거예요.

곧, 저는 요리하겠어요.

곧, 저는 요리할 게요.

You can see here these future tense sentences don't just say "I will cook", they say "soon I will cook", because I added "got" to the beginning.

You can also put the time-related word in the middle and it is still perfect grammar.

Future Time Related Words

 

Months in Korean

 

Immediate Future / Promised Future

 Here is the 3rd lesson about the Korean future tense. This one is called the immediate future or the promised future. It is a form of the future tense so it means "will verb". But This form of the future tense has a very specific use. It is used when you are volunteering to do a favour for someone. It is a nice way to signal your willingness to be helpful. 

You could even translate it as "will verb for you" Like "I will clean for you, I will cook for you, I will get it for you" You don't actually need to include the actual words for you. The for you part is implied when you speak in the immediate/promised future

To make the immediate future AKA promised future is a fairly simple task.

You start with an infinitive verb and cut off the 다 -da

Then if your verb ends in a vowel you add these endings

root verb-ㄹ 게 (casual)

root verb-ㄹ 게요 (polite)

root verb-ㄹ 겁니다 (formal)

so if you have the verb hada하다 you would conjugate it into

할게

할게요

할겁니다

and if your verb ends in a consonant you add these endings

root verb-을 게

root verb-을 게요

root verb-을 겁니다

so if you have the verb 씻다 you would conjugate it into 

씻을게

씻을게요

씻을겁니다

THESE VERB ENDINGS ARE SPELLED WITH A SINGLE ㄱ. I WOULD CALL THIS THE OFFICIAL SPELLING. HOWEVER, IT IS ALWAYS PRONOUNCED LIKE A ㄲ AND SOMETIMES WRITTEN WITH ㄲ IN UNOFFICIAL COMMUNICATION LIKE TEXT MESSAGES WITH FRIENDS. 

AND ONE MORE WEIRD THING. THIS SPACE HERE IS OPTIONAL. YOU'LL FIND THAT KOREANS ARE NOT ALL THAT STRICT ABOUT PUTTING SPACES BETWEEN THEIR WORDS. 

AND ONE MORE OTHER WEIRD THING IS THE FORMAL FORM OF THE VERB HERE DOES NOT FOLLOW THE PATTERN ESTABLISHED BY THE CASUAL AND POLITE FORMS. THE VOWEL IN THE FRORMAL FORM IS AN ㅓ NOT AN ㅔ LIKE IN THE OTHER TWO. DON'T GET TRIPPED UP BY THIS.

and that is all there is to the immediate future. I have practice questions for you and I need to re-emphasize that this form of the future tense is only used when you are cheerfully agreeing to do something for someone else. Like when someone asks "Can you verb for me" and you want to say "yes, I'll verb for you". That's when you use immediate future! Or if someone asks "Who will help me?" and you say "I'll do it!" That's when you use the immediate future. "I'll do it!" "hal-gge-yo!". 

Answers

1. will cook 요리할게/요리할게요/요리할겁니다 2. will clean 청소할게/청소할게요/청소할겁니다 3. will bring 데려올게/데려올게요/데려올겁니다 4. will fight 싸울게/싸울게요/싸울겁니다 5. will wash 씻을게/씻을게요/씻을겁니다 6. will pay 낼게/낼게요/낼겁니다 7. will work 근무할게/근무할게요/근무할겁니다 8. will work 일할게/일할게요/일할겁니다

Immediate/Promised Future Conjugation Chart