Monday, October 16, 2017
Conjugating ha-da Verbs into the Present Tense.
WATCH THE LESSON HERE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qQvm-K08Rc
This is a lesson on conjugating 하다 (ha-da) verbs to the present tense. A 하다 (ha-da) verb is any verb whose infinitive form ends 하다 (ha-da). Remember, an infinitive form of a verb is one that translates as "to verb".
This is a lesson on conjugating 하다 (ha-da) verbs to the present tense. A 하다 (ha-da) verb is any verb whose infinitive form ends 하다 (ha-da). Remember, an infinitive form of a verb is one that translates as "to verb".
하다 (Ha-da) is a verb in itself. It means "to do".
Often what you will find with 하다 (ha-da) verbs is that they are made up of a noun
and the 하다 (ha-da) ending. For example:
"To swim" is:
수영하다
It is made up of 하다 (ha-da), which
means "to do",
and 수영 (su-yeong) which means "swimming".
So, put it together and it's "to do
swimming", or "to swim".
You can also see the 하다 (ha-da) ending
added to English words to make them more Koreanized like "to download":
다운로드하다
or "to interview":
인터뷰하다.
There are lots of 하다 (ha-da) verbs and
the great thing about them is they are all conjugated the same way.
So lets learn 'em.
Like I said 하다 (ha-da) is itself a
verb. So, we'll use that as the example.
Remember when we learned (a)
verbs and (eo) verbs the first thing we did was cut off the 다(-da) ending to get
the root verb. We're gonna do that here too:
ha 하
Then for the casual version we
will change the (a) to an (ae):
hae 해
For the polite form we add 요(yo)
to the casual form:
hae-yo 해요
and for the formal form we add m-ni-da ㅂ니다 to the root
verb:
ham-ni-da 합니다.
There we go. All done. These are
the present tense endings you will use for any ha-da verb you encounter.
hae 해
hae-yo 해요
ham-ni-da 합니다
Here is a short list of ha-da verbs. You can practice conjugating as many of them as you like. and memorizing as many as you like. Conjugated forms are in the comments section if you want to check your answers.
And remember in Korean you don't have to change your verb when you speak in the third person like we do in English. Like where we say: I do, the man does. We usually make our verbs plural when we speak in the third person. But Korean doesn't do this. Use these same words regardless of whether you are speaking in 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person.hae 해
hae-yo 해요
ham-ni-da 합니다
Here is a short list of ha-da verbs. You can practice conjugating as many of them as you like. and memorizing as many as you like. Conjugated forms are in the comments section if you want to check your answers.
Now I'm gonna go over how to make (ha-da) verbs into sentences. I covered this twice already in the (a) verb and
(eo) verb videos. So, if you don't need a reminder then the lesson is over for you
thanks for studying with me.
For the rest of you lets start making the sentence
For the rest of you lets start making the sentence
"I do"
in the casual form:
na hae 나 해
in the polite form:
jeo hae-yo 저 해요
in the formal form:
jeo ham-ni-da 저 합니다
Now we can say it this way... and
because it's such a short sentence everyone will know what we mean. But, we can also add subject markers. Subject markers are attached to the end of
the subject of the sentence. That is: the noun which is performing the action. There are 2 types:
the 는/은 (neun/eun) type: which puts the emphasis on the action
and
the 가/이 (ga/-i) type: which puts the emphasis on the subject.
-i or -eun are meant to go at the end of words that end in consonants and -ga and -neun are meant to go at the end of words that end in vowels. Let me demonstrate with the example "I do". In English we don't have subject markers so if you want to emphasize the action in your sentence you do so by saying the action louder.
the 는/은 (neun/eun) type: which puts the emphasis on the action
and
the 가/이 (ga/-i) type: which puts the emphasis on the subject.
-i or -eun are meant to go at the end of words that end in consonants and -ga and -neun are meant to go at the end of words that end in vowels. Let me demonstrate with the example "I do". In English we don't have subject markers so if you want to emphasize the action in your sentence you do so by saying the action louder.
"I do"
in Korean you emphasize the
action by adding an eun or neun subject marker
"I-neun do"
uhh
na-neun hae 나는 해
jeo-neun hae-yo 저는 해요
jeo-neun hamnida 저는 합니다
uhh
na-neun hae 나는 해
jeo-neun hae-yo 저는 해요
jeo-neun hamnida 저는 합니다
Sometimes people will use a shorthand for eun/neun. The shorthand is
just (-n). So if you want to use the shorthand to emphasize the action you
would say:
nan hae 난 해
jeon hae-yo 전 해요
jeon ham-ni-da 전 합니다
nan hae 난 해
jeon hae-yo 전 해요
jeon ham-ni-da 전 합니다
and in English
if you want to emphasize the subject you say that louder
"I do"
in Korean you emphasize the
subject by adding the ga/i subject marker.
"I-ga do"
and something funny happens with these 3 pronouns when you want to use
the ga/i subject marker. You first add the i and then the ga, and the i
combines with the vowel at the end of the pronoun to make a new sound. so to say
"I do" in Korean you
say:
nae-ga hae 내가 해
je-ga hae-yo 제가 해요
and je-ga ham-ni-da 제가 합니다.
and the third pronoun neo 너 is the
casual way of saying you and it also gets both the i and the ga
ne-ga 네가
It looks like it would be
pronounced nega but that sounds really close to casual I (naega) so instead it
is pronounced in a surprising and unexpected way "ni-ga". Despite
what it might sound like that is how you say you with the ga/i subject
marker.
and remember it is only these 3 pronouns which
get both the i and the ga. For all other nouns and pronouns add only (-ga) if
you noun ends in a vowel, or add only (-i) if your noun ends in a consonant. Why
are na, jeo and neo different? Well... there's no GOOD reason for it. It's
something that started a long, long time ago and has just kind of persisted.
Now moving on, What's great about
Korean is that you don't have to conjugate your verb as you switch from first
person to 2nd person to 3rd person like we do in English. You know how we
say "I do", "the woman does". We change our verbs but Korean
does not. We can use the same 3 versions of "do" no matter whether we
are speaking in the 1st person 2nd person 3rd person, singular or plural. So
convenient.
Subject markers can be tricky for
some people. This the third time I've explained it and I will probably
explain it again. So, don't give up if you are having a difficult time with
this concept. It's not an easy one. And if you do understand it, then it is
important to be reminded. Again, practice your conjugation with my list of ha-da
verbs, take advantage of the links in the description, stay peaceful, and thank
you for studying with me.
WATCH THE LESSON HERE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qQvm-K08Rc
WATCH THE LESSON HERE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qQvm-K08Rc
Sunday, October 8, 2017
Conjugating (a) Verbs in the Present Tense
WATCH THE LESSON: https://youtu.be/oqzJoDapl14
This
lesson is on conjugating (a) verbs into the present tense. In the previous
lesson we learned about the existance of three types of Korean verbs: (eo)
verbs, (a) verbs, and (ha-da) verbs... and there are irregular verbs, but we can
worry about those later. Much later.
To
determine which of the 3 types of verb you have start out with the infinitive
form of the verb. You will recognize the infinitive form of the verb by its -da
ending. Once you have that remove to -da and take a look at what is now the
last syllable. If the last syllable does not contain an (a) or an (o) you have
an (eo) verb. We learned about those in the last lesson. Check the link in the
description if you want to learn (eo) verbs in the present tense. If the last
syllable is (ha) you have a (ha-da) verb. That's the next lesson. Or If the last
syllable contains (o) or (a), but is not (ha). then you have an (a) verb and that
is the type of verb we will be learning about in this lesson.
We
will be learning how to conjugate (a)ㅏ verbs
into the present tense. Let's use an example: an-da. It means to hug.
The
first step in conjugation is to cut off the da ending. The infinitive verb with
the da cut off is called the root verb. Then we add (a)ㅏ
to the end. That is why they are called ㅏ(a)
verbs because we add an ㅏ(a).
an-a
안아
and
there you have it your present tense of the word hug. This is the casual form.
Remember Korean has 3 different levels of respect casual, polite, and formal. and so
there are 3 different ways to say a verb in the present tense. To make the
polite form we add -yo to the casual form
an-a-yo 안아요
To make the formal form of
the verb we start with the infinitive and cut off the da. then if the last
syllable ends in a vowel we add ㅂ니다 -b-ni-da to the end or if
the syllable ends in a consonant we add seub-ni-da습니다.
In this case our root verb
ends in a consonant so we add seum-ni-da
an-seum-ni-da. 안습니다
Let's look at some examples
that have roots that end in a vowel.
There are two vowels that an
(a) ㅏ verb root might end in: (a)ㅏ and (o)ㅗ
Let's look at an example
that has a root that ends in (a) first
ga-da 가다 to go
as always we begin by
cutting off the -da
and since our verb root
already ends in (a)ㅏ this time we do not need to
add an ㅏ(a) the the root. So we're
done.
We have made the casual
present tense of go.
ga 가
and as usual we make it
polite by adding (yo).
ga-yo 가요
and the formal form, As I
said before: add 습니다seum-ni-da to roots that end
in consonants and m-ni-da to roots that end in vowels
gam-ni-da 갑니다
There we have the casual, polite, and formal forms of the present tense
of an ㅏ (a) verb which it has as
root that ends in ㅏ(a)
Lastly, let's look at a case
where the root verb ends in ㅗ (o). Let's use the example
보다 bo-da (to see)
step one remove the -da
step two because this is an
(a) ㅏverb we a (a)ㅏ
bo-a보아
and then! what happens
next... is the two vowels come together to make (wa)
bwa 봐
that is our casual present
tense of see.
and just like before we
create the polite form by adding (yo)요
bwa-yo 봐요
bwa-yo 봐요
and the formal form by
adding m-ni-da ㅂ니다
bom-ni-da 봅니다
Let's sumarize present tense (a)
verb conjugation
-cut off the -da
-check that the last syllable
contains (o) or (a) but is not (ha)
-look at the very last letter in
the word.
IF IT IS A CONSONANT: add (a) to
the root to make the casual form, add yo to the casual form to make polite, add
seum-nida to the root to make the formal form.
IF IT IS AN (a): you don't need
to add anything to the root to make the casual form, add (yo) to the casual
form to make the polite form. and add m-ni-da to the root to make the formal
form
IF IT IS AN (o): add (a) to the
root and then blend the (o) with the (a) to make (wa). add (yo) to the casual
form to make the polite form. and add m-ni-da to the root to make the formal
form
As you can see making the polite
and formal forms is virtually the same. and making the casual forms is similar
too you're just adding (a) to the root. and. then. vowels combine.
Now lets move on to using these
verbs to make 2 word sentences.
When we want to make two word
sentences remember we do not need to change the verb depending on whether we
are using 1st person, 2nd person, 3rd person, singular, or plural.
To say "I see" casually
in the first person the verb is the same as
when you say " you see, Anna sees, we see, they
see" casually. No need to change the verb at all.
But one thing we should add
to these sentences are subject markers. A subject marker is a suffix that is
added to the end of the subject of the sentence. The subject is the thing that
is doing the verb. there are 2 types of subject markers: the type that puts
extra emphasis on the subject ga/i and
the type that puts extra emphasis on the action neun/eun. Subjects that end in
vowels get either a neun or ga subject marker and subjects that end in
consonants get an (eun) or i subject marker.
We learned about subject
markers in the last lesson. If you saw that then this is review. let's use our
example "ga" to illustrate how we use these subject markers.
na-neun ga
nae-ga ga
both these sentences mean I
go. the first one means I go with the emphasis on go. when
you're making it clear that you are definately going not staying,
not doing anyting else GOING!
the 2nd one means I
go with the emphasis on i to make it clear to everyone that it is I who is
going, not you not you not you, I. I am the one going.
Now, why did I change na to
nae in this sentence. well... when u use a ga subject marker jeo turns into je,
na turns into nae, and neo turns into ne but is pronounced "ni" so it
doesn't get mixed up with nae.
These subject markers are meant
to make it clear who is doing the action. In a short sentence like "I go"
you may see the subject marker omitted. You will also see the subject marker
neun shortened to just (n) in unofficial forms of communication.
Remember, as well, Korean is
a pronoun drop language. If you see a verb all by itself the implied subject is
"I". Or the same subject that was used in the previous sentence.
I'm providing you with a
list of (a) verbs in the infinitive form that you can practice conjugating if
you like. Conjugated forms and their pronunciations are in the comments
section. If you are going to memorize some of them I highly recomend that you
memorize them in the infinitive form so that you don't need to memorize them
all over again when we learn past and future conjugation.
These things are all linked
in the description and annyeonghi gyeseyo my fellow students and thanks for
studying with me.
WATCH THE LESSON: https://youtu.be/oqzJoDapl14
WATCH THE LESSON: https://youtu.be/oqzJoDapl14
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