Lets learn the Korean word for "and"...
or should I say words for "and"?
You can use "and" between two nouns eg. Mom and dad dance
but you can also use it between two verbs, and that's a little different. eg. Dad dances and laughs.
In this video we will learn how to use "and" with nouns. and we will also learn Korean "with" because that ties in nicely.
Like many words in Korean "and" has a casual version and a polite/formal version.
Actually, there are 2 casual versions:
하고
and
랑 (previous word ends in a vowel) / 이랑(previous word ends in a consonant)
the rang/i-rang version is the extra casual version.
and you use both of these versions as suffixes
example: mom and dad
mom하고 dad
엄마하고 아빠
mom랑 dad
엄마랑 아빠
and here's an example where the word ends in a consonant
laptop and cellphone
노트북이랑 핸드폰
The polite/formal version...is not really all that formal but it's the most respectful one we've got and it is
와(when the previous word ends in a vowel) / 과(when the previous word ends in a consonant)
This one can be a little tricky to remember because here you have a noun that ends in a consonant and a suffix the begins in a consonant. This is different from a lot of the suffixes we've seen thus far so take care not to get your wa and gwa mixed up.
Our example "mom and dad" with the formal/polite version of "and" looks like this:
mom와 dad
엄마와 아빠
laptop and cellphone
노트북과 핸드폰
Try a couple of examples yourself:
how do you say
Romeo and Juliet
Will and Grace
Dolce and Gabana
Here's the answers. don't read 'em 'til you tried it yourself.
Now.... what if you have three or more things in a list?
In Korean you have to put "and" in between every word.
eg. mom and dad and little brother
엄마랑 아빠랑 남동생
엄마하고 아빠하고 남동생
엄마와 아빠와 남동생
Now let's make sentences.
If you're using mom AND dad as the subject of your sentence you put the subject marker at the end of the last noun in the list ONLY. So it looks like this:
mom랑 dad는 dance
엄마랑 아빠는 춤춰
mom하고 dad는 dance
엄마하고 아빠는 춤춰
mom와 dad는 dance
엄마와 아빠는 춤춰요
and we do the same thing if we are using other subject markers, too. (eun,i,ga)
I have a video on subject markers here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8i8ZlYpDIg&t=77s
If you don't know subject markers you can still understand the rest of the lesson without it.
Try an example yourself. How do you say:
Romeo and Juliet kiss.
here is the dictionary form of kiss: 키스하다 it's a regular hada verb.
로미오랑 줄리엩은 키스해
로미오하고 줄리엩은 키스해
로미오와 줄리엩은 키스해요
Now, you've seen the title...
We are supposed to learn the word 'with' as well.
But what if I told you that you already have learned the word with!
Because these words not only mean "and" but also "with"!
I never really realized just how easily interchangeable the words 'with' and 'and' actually are.
you can say burger and fries or burger with fries. Wear socks and sandals or wear socks with sandals.
버거하고 감자 튀김
양말하고 샌들
It's practically the same thing.
But, let's take a look at that sentence we made:
"mom and dad dance"
mom랑 dad는 dance
엄마랑 아빠는 춤춰
mom하고 dad는 dance
엄마하고 아빠는 춤춰
mom와 dad는 dance
엄마와 아빠는 춤춰요
If instead we wanted to say "mom dances with dad" we would need to make a few changes with our suffixes:
When we say "mom dances with dad" the subject is not mom AND dad. It is only mom. So mom gets the subject marker.
Mom는
Remember an important rule of Korean grammar is that the verb almost always goes at the end of the sentence.
Mom는 dad dances
and where does "with" go? It's a suffix! You attach it to the end of the thing that the subject is doing the verb with.
In the example mom is the subject, and dance is the verb. So what is mom dancing with? Dad! So dad gets the with attached to it.
Mom는 dad랑 dances.
and in Korean:
엄마는 아빠랑 춤춰
and, of course, we can make similar sentences with the other versions of with: ha-go and wa/gwa
엄마는 아빠하고 춤춰
엄마는 아빠와 춤춰요
and there's one more little thing we need to add to this sentence to make it correct in Korean and that is the word "together" 함께 and it fits right in between the with and the verb.
엄마는 아빠하고 함께 춤춰
LITERALLY:
Mom dad with together dance.
or
Mom dances together with dad.
It seems a little redundant in English, but in Korean including the word together is important.
You can think of dad as being the object of the sentence and then notice that we have the same Subject Object Verb word order that we've seen before in Korean. Or at least those who have watched my video on 3-word sentences have seen it before.
I try to make each of my videos self-contained, but the lessons do build on eachother a little bit.
Now your turn: How do you say Romeo kisses with Juliet.
here's your answer use the pause button, try not to cheat
로미오는 줄리엩이랑 함께 키스해
로미오는 줄리엩하고 함께 키스해
로미오는 줄리엩과 함께 키스해요
Ok, who woulda thought that one little 3 letter word in English would be so complicated in Korean. and we're not even done yet! The next video will teach you how to use "and" between two verbs. It's a different word entirely.
Here are a couple more examples if you want more practice using and/with. It's also a good way to build vocabulary and practice your conjugation.
I hope you join me in my next video, but for now annyeonghi gyesipsio and thanks for studying with me.
