Study Korean Together

Saturday, June 12, 2021

The Korean Probable Future Tense

WATCH THE LESSON: https://youtu.be/GvJ0p6w4q9g

Hello my fellow students welcome to the future! We are gonna be learning one way of making the future tense in Korean. Funny thing about the future tense in Korean, it's one of those things that does not translate perfectly from English. There are multiple ways of talking about the future in Korean. We will start with one of the more common and versatile ways: the probable future.

In English when we talk about the future we use the sentences like: "I will ____" "You will ____" "It will _____"; or "I'm going to ______" "You're going to _____" "It's going to ______".

But, you see... Koreans don't pretend that they can predict the future with ABSOLUTE CERTAINTY. So, they don't say things like "It's going to rain" the say "It's probably going to rain". and they don't even need to include the word 'probably' in the sentence (because who wants to stick an extra word their sentence like that) Instead they just conjugate their verbs into the probable future tense and the 'probably' part is baked right in!

So lets learn the probable future.

We start with an infinitive verb. Lets choose ha-da and meok-da

하다 먹다

then you do the usual thing and cut off the -da

하다 먹다

하 먹

then you've got to add the probable future tense ending

if you verb root ends in a vowel the ending is ㄹ거야 ㄹ거예요 ㄹ겁니다

for verbs that end in vowels and

을거야 을거예요 을겁니다

for verbs that end in consonants

하다 => 할거야 할거예요 할겁니다

먹다 => 먹을거야 먹을거예요 먹을겁니다

and it's the same for all types of verbs. It's not like present tense or past tense where we needed a different ending for eo verbs, a verbs and ha-da verbs. All the verbs get the same ending when we conjugate them into the probable future

ㄹ거야 ㄹ거예요 ㄹ겁니다

This for verb roots that end in vowels and

을거야 을거예요 을겁니다 end in consonants.

this for verb roots that

You may also see it with a little space added right here. Both with the space and without the space are equally correct.

ㄹ 거야 ㄹ 거예요 ㄹ 겁니다 end in vowels.

을 거야 을 거예요 을 겁니다 end in consonants.

AND THAT'S IT! That's your probable future tense. Here are some practice questions for you to work on if you like. The answers are in the comments section.

But let me tell you more about this probable future tense ending. Where does this ending actually come from, what does it actually mean?

Well, you recognize the last part, don't you? It's Korean for "is", "am", and "are"

and this part? geo. comes from 것 (geot). The Korean word for 'thing'

and the "rl" That part is a verb suffix that indicates future.

So if I make a statement like "I will eat chicken."

저는 치킨을 먹을거예요.

it means

"I eat-is-future-thing chicken."

Literal translations are weird!

maybe, since we're already rearranging the word order, the literal translation could be

"I eat chicken is a future thing"

I think that's a... uhm... well, it MIGHT get your point across when you say it in English.

할거예요

do(future) thing is

Now let me tell you a little more about the probable future tense... You can also use it for the present.

If someone asks you 'Should we call Tim?' You might answer 'Tim? Well it's 11:00pm right now. He's probably going to be in bed.'

You see that! We used "going to be" even though we are talking about the present. You can do the same thing in Korean

Tim은 침대에 있을거예요.

Tim is probably going to be in bed.

So now not only can you describe the future, but also you can describe things that are probably happening in the present. Thanks to this lesson.

And thanks for studying with me.

WATCH THE LESSON: https://youtu.be/GvJ0p6w4q9g

Friday, May 21, 2021

Korean Temperature Vocabulary

***THIS IS A WORK IN PROGRESS

Hello my fellow students, this is a continuation of our lesson on the weather. The last lesson taught you how to describe weather with words like sunny, cloudy. rainy, snowy, etc. This lesson will describe temperature. Starting with hot. There are a few ways to say hot.

If a person or an animal feels hot, then use the verb 덥다 (deop-da). and 덥다 is an irregular verb so I will conjugate it for you. I've included the past tense, present tense, and we haven't learned future tense on this channel yet but we will soon, so I will include it here.

You can see 3 different colors here (purple, blue, & dark blue) and the 3 colors represent the concept of casual, polite, and formal language... If you don't know what that is there's a video on it here.

Remember this word deop-da only refers to the feeling of being hot, so only use it for people or animals. For example: "I am hot."= "jeo-neun deo-wo-yo." or "My dog is hot." = "je gae-neun deo-wo-yo." You would never use deop-da when talking about a pizza for example because pizzas don't have feelings.

If an inanimate object like a pizza is hot we use the verb 뜨겁다 ddeu-geop-da. It can also describe animate living things, but ddeu-geop-da does not describe the way you feel, but rather the temperature you are. Feel free to use either ddeu-geop-da or deop-da when describing people/animals. But only use ddeu-geop-da when describing objects that don't have the ability to think or feel.

And wouldn't ya know it ddeu-geop-da this is also an irregular verb. So here it is conjugated for you.

and lets turn down the heat a little and talk about warm 따뜻하다 dda-ddeut-ha-da. and this one is not irregular we can conjugate it like normal. But don't try to memorize the conjugated forms. Instead, memorize the infinitive form and memorize the conjugation rules Its the best way. There is less to remember.

The next temperature vocabulary word is cool. To be cool is 시원하다 and this word can have other meanings. Primarily it means to feel cool and refreshing. It can, however be used in other ways that an English speaker would not usually describe as cool and refreshing. for example The feeling of eating spicy soup: shi-won-ha-da, and, the feeling of getting a massage shi won ha da. The feeling of getting into a relaxing hot bath shi won ha-da.. I think it is summed up as a refreshing feeling. to be refreshingly cool shi-won-ha-da

A word for when the temperature gets a little cooler than shi-won-ha-da is 선선하다 which can only describe weather. never say jeoneun seon-seon-hae-yo. only say nalsshineun seon-seon-hae-yo, it describes weather.

cooler still is 서늘하다.

When it is no longer just cool and it's down right chilly say sal-sal-ha-da.

When its actually cold use the word 춥다. Another irregular verb.추워요

Then when it is very cold here are the words you use. 차디차다 /냉랭하다/얼다

So there is your little thermometer of temperatures.

But what if you want to be exact? How can I say It is 15 degrees Celsius. In Korea they use the Celsius scale, hopefully you are familiar with Celsius. Anyway to say 15 degrees Celsius it is 섭씨 15도입니다

seop-sshi is the word for Celsius and do is the word for degree. The word for "is" is imnida if you're talking to a large group ye-yo if you are speaking politely and ya if you are speaking casually. If you aren't already familiar with the korean words for is head to that video in the description.

hot 덥다(더워요)person/animal feels hot/뜨겁다(irreg. 뜨거워요.)is hot

warm 따뜻하다

cool 시원하다/선선하다. The word '선선하다' is for weather only.

But, the word '시원하다' has various meaning.

1. when weather is cold.

2. when you eating hot or spicy soup.

3. when you eating cold or refreshing thing

4. when you get a massage.

chilly 쌀쌀하다

cool to cold: 시원하다 - 선선하다 - 서늘하다 - 쌀쌀하다 - 춥다

cold 춥다(irregular)추워요/차디차다 [(very) cold, icy, frosty, ice-cold]/냉랭하다/얼다

15 degrees Celsius 섭씨 15도

TO FEEL HOT (IN AN ANIMAL'S MIND) 덥다

TO BE HOT 뜨겁다

TO BE WARM 따뜻하다

TO BE REFRESHING/COOL (IN AN ANIMAL'S MIND) 시원하다

TO BE COOL (WEATHER) 선선하다

TO BE COOL 서늘하다

TO BE CHILLY 쌀쌀하다

TO BE COLD 춥다

TO BE VERY COLD 차디차다, 냉랭하다

TO BE FREEZING 얼다

DEGREES 도

CELSIUS 섭씨

Notice the word order here Celsius 15 degrees. The word for degrees (do) is a counter word. And counter words, you may recall, always go after the number.... If you don't know what counter words are don't worry too much but there is a vid in the description if you're curious.

Thanks for studying with me.

WATCH THE LESSON: https://youtu.be/vQyPKca53dM