Past Tense eo Verbs

Korean Past Tense eo Verbs

WATCH THE LESSON : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzvmwbQgLjk&lc=Ugy6TRj_WTH_EdJGBv14AaABAg
These next few videos I'm making will teach you how to conjugate into the past tense. I hope you're excited. We're going on a journey into the paaaaaasst.

First a little review...
There are three types of verbs in Korean  ㅓ (eo) verbs, ㅏ (a) verbs, and 하다 (ha-da) verbs.
The infinite form of every verb ends in 다 (-da). If you cut off the 다-da at the end of the verb and look at the new last syllable in the verb, then you can determine which of the 3 types of verbs it is.
If the last syllable is 하 (ha), it is a 하다 (ha-da) verb. If the last syllable contains ㅏ (a) or ㅗ (o), but is not 하(ha), it is an ㅏ(a) verb. and if the last syllable contains a vowel other than ㅗ (o) or ㅏ (a) it is an ㅓ(eo) verb ...and that is the first type we'll learn to conjugate into the past tense.
We start with the infinitive form of an ㅓ (eo) verb eg. 숨다 (sum-da) What is an infinitive? It is the form of the verb that ends in -다(-da) and translates into "to verb". For example: to hide, to lose, to laugh, to make, to give, etc.
and we will make it into the past tense. So they will become hid, lost, laughed, made, gave. ... etc. He He He.... those examples I chose really highlight how inconsistent English conjugation is. Don't worry, Korean is much more consistent.
OK, how do we make the past tense? Start withe the infinitive, cut off the  -다(-da). This is now called the root verb. and if our root verb ends in a consonant we add these endings 
-었어 (-eo-sseo) to make the casual form of the verb. use this form of the verb for friends and people younger than you.
-었어요 (-eo-sseo-yo)to make the polite form use this for strangers, people older than you, and people who outrank you
-었습니다 (-eot-seum-ni-da) to make the formal form. Use this for large groups, and people you want to show an extra level of respect.
and if our verb root ends in a vowel we add the same verb endings, however the vowels combine in very much the same way they did in the present tense conjugation. I think I will demonstrate this is with examples.
지다 (ji-da)
주다 (ju-da)
쓰다 (sseu-da)
내다 (nae-da)
일어서다 (il-eo-seo-da)
Here we have 어(eo) verbs with roots that end in each type of vowel. One that ends in ㅣ(i), one that ends in ㅜ(u), one that ends in ㅡ(eu), one that ends in ㅐ(ae) and one that ends in ㅓ(eo).
Let's make the casual form. We add our ending -었어 (-eo-sseo). and then vowels start to combine. In our first example we see what to do with a verb root that ends in ㅣ(i). If we were to try to pronounce it as written we would say "ji-eo-sseo". If we were to say it faster it would be "ji-eo-sseo" "ji-eo-sseo" "jyeo-sseo" "jyeo-sseo" the two vowels start to blend together and make a sort of "y" sound, don't you agree? and that is what it actually is  졌어(jyeo-sseo). When you have a verb root ending inㅣ(i) it blends with the ㅓ (eo) and becomes ㅕ(yeo).
Now let's look at the second example. It has a verb root ending in ㅜ(u). When ㅜ(u) combines with ㅓ(eo) it makes ㅝ (wo). We can easily see that visually. The past tense of this example is 줬어 (jwo-sseo).
The third example has a ㅡ(eu) vowel. In this situation the vowels don't combine. Instead we just drop the ㅡ(eu).
The next one has a verb root that ends in ㅐ(ae). In this situation you remove the ㅓ(eo). So the verb is 냈어 (nae-sseo). You could also imagine that ㅓ(eo) getting absorbed into the ㅐ(ae) glorp.
In the final example the verb root ends in ㅓ(eo), we don't need two in a row so remove the one in the ending. 일어섰어. or imagine them glorping together.
지 + 었어 = 졌어
주 + 었어 = 줬어
쓰 + 었어 = 썼어
내 + 었어 = 냈어
일어서 + 었어=일어섰어
and as for ㅔ(e) I don't think there are any verb roots that end in ㅔ(e).
If you know one please share.
So that's how you make the casual form. Once you've got that you can make the polite form by adding 요(yo) to the casual form.
and then to make the formal form you take the root verb and add the same formal ending we used for roots that end in consonants 었습니다 and the vowels combine in the same way they did when we made the casual form.
지 +었습니다 =졌습니다 ㅣand ㅓcombine to make ㅕyeo
주+었습니다 =줬습니다  ㅜ and ㅓ combine to make ㅝ (wo)
쓰+었습니다 =썼습니다  get rid of the ㅡ(eu)
내+었습니다 =냈습니다  get rid of the ㅓ(eo)
일어서+었습니다 =일어섰습니다 get rid of the 2ndㅓ(eo)

Then we can make short sentences with these past tense verbs. For example "I hid." or "I lost.". We just need to add the word "I" which is 나(na) in the casual form and 저(jeo) in the polite/formal form and, if we want to sound like we really know how to speak Korean, we add a subject marker 은/는(eun/neun) or ㅣ/가 (i/ga). If this is going over your head please watch my video on subject markers in the description.
Now let's summarize the conjugation rules we learned for past tense.
To make the past tense start with the infinitive and cut off the 다(-da) to get the root verb. If the root verb ends in a consonant add one of the following endings to make the casual polite or formal form.
If the root verb ends in a vowel you add the same endings and then the vowels combine like so:
if the root ends in
if your verb root ends in ㅣ(i)- the 2 vowels combine into 여(yeo)
if your verb root ends in ㅜ(u)- the 2 vowels combine into 워(wo)
if your verb root ends in ㅡ(eu)- the (eu) simply disappears
if your verb root ends in ㅐ(ae)- don't add the (eo) at all.
if your verb root ends in ㅓ(eo)- only one (eo). Don't add another.
 Here is a list of 40 어(eo) verbs. You can practice conjugating as many or as few as you like. The past tense conjugations of all 40 are in the comments section. Take advantage of the links in the description and thanks for studying with me.

The lesson is over but I wanted to point out something cool I found while making it. One of our examples 썼어 has a syllable block with 5 characters in it! That's the most you could possibly have. I always knew it was possible but I didn't know any words that had a 5 character syllable block until I made this lesson. I feel like I'm a marine biologist seeing a giant squid for the first time. We always knew the giant squid existed because we found chewed up pieces of it in whales' stomachs, but we are seeing it swimming around in the ocean for the very first time. There are 3 more verbs in my list whose past tense contains a 5 character syllable block. Can you find them? It's like hunting giant squid.
This verb 쓰다, by the way has more than one meaning. I have it translated as to write BUT it also means to wear on the head, and to hire or employ, and it is the adjective to be bitter. As in bitter taste. I hope this post lesson ramble has been enriching for you comment if you like it or not. annyeonghi gyeseyo
저는 모자를 썼어요. I wore a hat.
저는 책을 썼어요. I wrote a book.
저는 변호사를 썼어요. I hired a lawyer.
그커피는 썼어요. That coffee was bitter.

WATCH THE LESSON : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzvmwbQgLjk&lc=Ugy6TRj_WTH_EdJGBv14AaABAg

Korean Prepositions Part 1 에 & 에서

Watch the lesson here: https://youtu.be/B7mIWEVw-MA
This is the first of a series of videos on Korean prepositions. Let me state the obvious and say Korean is a very different language from English and, because of that, a lot of words do not translate directly. I'd love to give you a list of English prepositions and their direct Korean translations, but it just isn't that simple. You're gonna learn how to describe position from a whole new perspective.
 The two Korean prepositions we will learn in this video are 에  and 에서.  에 can mean at, to, in, or on depending on context. 에서 usually means from, out, or off. But, these two prepositions are not used in every instance when at, to, in, on, from, out, and off are used. We will take a look at when you can use them and when you can't use them. But first let's learn how to use them.
In Korean prepositions are suffixes that go after the object. Think about what that means for a second and consider this example:
I go to Korea.
Lets put these words in Korean order
remember the order is subject object verb
I Korea go
then add the preposition at the end of the object
I Korea-to go
and in Korean
저는 한국to 가요.
저는 한국에 가요.
Korea is the thing you are going to, so, it gets the preposition after it. And the preposition takes the place of the object marker.
Yes, in Korean the preposition is like an object marker. It is attached to the end of the object. Calling them prepositions is a bit inaccurate because the word preposition has that "pre-" in it, but since they come after the object it would be more accurate to call them post-positions. I'm going to continue to call them prepositions though.

Let's look at the other preposition 에서
We made the sentence I go to Korea.
저는 한국에 가요.
If we change the preposition 에 to 에서 them it means "I go from Korea" or "I go away from Korea"
저는 한국에서 가요.

Let's summarize it all on one page:

You can also use these prepositions with time
I eat at 12:00
저는 12:00에 먹어요.

and now let's learn about when you do not use them.
You do not use 에 when you have both 에 and 애서 in the same sentence. For example: "I go from A to B" or "I sleep from 10:00 to 6:00"
There are different prepositions for sentences like that. We'll learn those in a later video but here's a little sneak peak. 저는 A에서 B로 가요. 저는 10:00에서 6:00까지 자요.

-You don't use 에 / 에서 when the verb in your sentence is look 보다. For example
"I look at flamingos"
저는 플라밍고를 봐요.
봐요 means 'see' and 'look at'. It requires no addition of a preposition

-"I am from Canada."
No. You don't use 에 and 에서  when you are saying where you came from

-"I give it to you"
When the object of your sentence is a person or an animal do not use 에/에서

-"the inside" When you want to specify that something is inside something else.
For example if you wanted to say that you are inside the house, not just at the house there is a different word for inside. Don't just use 에 because that can mean "in", but also can mean "at" and "to" so it's not clear if you are actually in the house, or just beside the house. "I am inside the house" . "I am at the house"

and
We will learn the appropriate prepositions for all these situations and more in future lessons in this series. aha! cliffhanger... For now get some practice by translating these sentences. See ya next time fellow students and thank you for studying with me.

Watch the lesson here: https://youtu.be/B7mIWEVw-MA

The Date in Korean

WATCH: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjKyVx5J_CA
This lesson is on how to say the date in Korean. For this lesson you will need to know your Sino Korean numbers.
To say the date in Korean we first say the year and add the word 년(nyeon) to the end. 년(nyeon) is a counter. If you know what a counter is, then great! If you don't you can still understand this lesson & a video on counters is here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RiNggsXAhw&t=16s who are curious.
Example:
2018년
i-cheon-ship-pal-nyeon

Then we say the month. The months are just numbers with the word 월(wol) at the end EXCEPT FOR June 유월 and Oct 시월
Example:
December
12월

and thirdly, we say the day, which, no surprise, is represented by a number and it has the word 일(il) at the end.
일(il) is a word with multiple translations: it is the counter for day, and it is sino Korean 1, it also means tooth.
The fact that it means one and day means that on the first of the month you say it is 일일 il-il. If it is January 1st you say
일월 일일
il-wol il-il

if it is Jan 1st, 1001
일천일년 일월 일일
il-cheon-il nyeon il-wol il-il
so many eels! or ills...

and then the last thing you add to the date is the day of the week. And they also end in il. yo-il more specifically
Mon 월요일
Tues 화요일
Wed 수요일
Thur 목요일
Fri 금요일
Sat 토요일
Sun 일요일
So just for fun lets say Sunday, Jan. 1, 1001
일천일년 일월 일일 일요일
il-cheon-il nyeon il-wol il-il il-yo-il
I wonder if that actually was a Sunday...
These days of the week might be hard to memorize... so I found a song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsxqnE1GqBg&t=1s

Now let's do some practice. How do we say
Monday, Dec. 31 2018?
every date looks like this:
___년 __월 __일 __요일
and then we fill in the blanks
2018년 12월 31일 월요일
and remember how to say our Sino Korean numbers
이천십팔년 십이월 삼십일일 월요일
that's how you say the date in Korean.
Have some more practice.

Thanks for studying with me.
WATCH THE LESSON
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjKyVx5J_CA

Telling Time in Korean

Hello fellow students. Let's learn about time. Before we begin make sure you know your Korean numbers. Both the Sino and the Native-Korean numbering systems will be needed to tell time. If you aren't already familiar I have a video for each in the description.
TO TELL TIME IN KOREAN YOU USE the native Korean Numbering system for hours and the word 시 means hour or o'clock.
시 is actually a counter. That's another video you should watch. But, basically, when you are saying how many of something there is you need to use a counter. The counter for hours is 시 and numbers 1, 2,3, and 4 all lose their last letter when they're used with a counter.
So we say han-shi instead of hana-shi
du-shi not dul-shi
se-shi and ne-shi without the t sound.
and the rest of the numbers to twelve just like normal da-seot shi ya-seot-shi

And then when we're telling minutes we use the Sino Korean Numbering System and the word for minutes is 분. This word is also a counter. And it's a homonym of the formal word for person. Which could make things confusing, but context should make it obvious which translation is meant.
so just put the sino Korean number in front of 분 (bun) and when you get to 30 min you can instead say half. 반.
Here are a few examples to make sure we understand:
to say 5 o'clock you say
다섯시
to say 1:30 you say
한시 삼십분
or
한시 반
and there's one more important thing to add to the time: AM or PM
AM is 오전 and PM is 오후 and this goes before the time
So 5:00 am is 오전 다섯시
and 1:30 pm is 오후 한시 삼십분 or is 오후 한시 반
 and that's how you tell time in Korean. If you want to say "It is 5:00am" then use the verb i-da 이다
오전 다섯시야.
오전 다섯시여요.
오전 다섯십니다.
Now you know how to say time in Korean. Thanks for studying with me, you guys.
here's some practice answers in the description.

What do you look like in Korean

This video will teach you how to describe what you look like in Korean. Most of it is review, but it's always exciting to put everything we've learned into useful paragraphs. The relevant accompanying videos are these ones on screen now. They are linked in the description and at the end of the video.
So here we go, a series of sentences you can use to describe your appearance. You can also use these sentences to describe other people's appearances so long as you change the pronoun "I" to whatever noun is appropriate.
Let's start by describing our height.
You can say "I am tall."
나는 키가 커. (casual for talking to friends or people younger than you)
저는 키가 커요. (polite for when you're talking to a stranger or someone older than you)
저는 키가 큽니다. (formal for when you are talking to a group or someone you really respect)
you can say "I am short."
나는 키가 작아.
저는 키가 작아요.
저는 키가 작습니다

you can say exactly how tall or short
I am ____ cm
나는 _____ 센티미터야.
저는 _____ 센티미터예요.
저는 _____ 센티미텁니다.
there are two ways to say cm. one is sen-ti-mi-teo the other is sen-chi
나는 _____ 센치야.
저는 _____ 센치예요.
저는 _____ 센칩니다.
you can say if you're fat or slender
뚱뚱하다. or 날씬하다 and conjugate it like so.
I am fat.
나는 뚱뚱해.
저는 뚱뚱해요.
저는 뚱뚱합니다.
I am slender.
나는 날씬해.
저는 날씬해요.
저는 날씬합니다.

and you can say exactly how much you weigh
I am ___ Kg.
나는 ___ 킬로그램이야.
저는 ___ 킬로그램이에요.
저는 ___ 킬로그램입니다.

Remember for our height and weight we always use the sino-Korean numbering system.
You can describe your face. Which of your facial features are big or small.
The word for big is one you might remember 크다 then we have to conjugate it so we can use it in front of a noun. cut off the da and add 은 or ㄴ
큰 keun
and the word for small is...do you remember? 작다 then you conjugate it to.....작은 ja-geun.
and the names for facial features are as follows:
눈 nun eyes
코 ko nose
입술 ip-sul lips
턱 teok chin
귀 gwi ears

When you are talking about your body you use the form of the sentence I have ___.
with 가지고 ga-ji-go in it and a reul/eul object marker.
I have big eyes.
나는 큰 눈을 가지고 있어.
저는 큰 눈을 가지고 있어요.
저는 큰 눈을 가지고 있습니다.
작은 눈,코,입술,턱,귀
big small-eyes, nose, lips, chin, ears

What colour are your eyes? Remember colours?
Blue eyes are 파란색 눈
Brown eyes are 갈색 눈
Green eyes are 녹색 눈

I have blue eyes.
나는 파란색 눈을 가지고 있어.
저는 파란색 눈을 가지고 있어요.
저는 파란색 눈을 가지고 있습니다.

Do you have a moustache or a beard?
moustache is 콧수염, beard is (턱)수염
notice that the word for moustache has the word for nose in it 'ko'
because moustaches are under your nose
and the word for beard has the word for chin in it 'teok'
because beards are under your chin

I have a ____.
나는 콧수염을 가지고 있어.
저는 콧수염을 가지고 있어요.
저는 콧수염을 가지고 있습니다.

and your hair....
what colour is it?
When you're talking about your hair colour you don't say "I have" you say "I am".
Like: "I am a red head", "I am a brunette" or as Koreans would say
I am red coloured hair
저는 빨간색 머리예요.
I am brown coloured hair
저는 갈색 머리예요.
and there are few different ways to describe blonde and black hair
you could say I am blonde & I am blonde coloured hair.
저는 블론드예요.
저는 블론드색 머리예요.
But more commonly they say I am golden haired.
저는 금발 머리예요.
or I am gold coloured hair.
저는 금색 머리예요.

and then black can be the obvious
I am black coloured hair
저는 검은색 머리예요
or it can be
저는 흑발색 머리예요
흑발색 is a word for black that is only used to describe hair colour. But 검은색 (geom-eun saek) is more commonly used.
금발색 (geum-bal-saek) is also a word that refers only to hair colour.
They both have bal in them which is odd because bal means foot....??
But bal as a word for foot is actually a word that comes from Chinese I've been told... but the only Chinese word for foot I found sounds nothing like bal. So it's still a mystery to me.
But that's enough of that rabbit hole.
To summarize:
검은색 갈색 금색 빨간색
geom-eun saek, gal saek, geum-saek, and bbal-gan-saek
and black hair can also be 흑발색  heuk-bal-saek and blonde can also be 금발색 geum-bal-saek

I have blonde hair.
나는 금색 머리야.
저는 금색 머리예요.
저는 금색 머립니다.

Lets keep describing hair. Is it hair short, medium, or long.
짧은 머리 short hair
중간 길이 머리 medium length hair
긴 머리 long hair
This time don't say I am___ that is only for hair colour. use the I have ___. sentences with gajigo in them.
For example:
I have medium length hair.
나는 중간길이 머리를 가지고 있어.
저는 중간길이 머리를 가지고 있어요.
저는 중간길이 머리를 가지고 있습니다.
is it curly, wavey, or straight?
곱슬 curly
반곱슬 wavey
직모 /or 생머리straight
I have wavey hair.
나는 반곱슬 머리를 가지고 있어.
저는 반곱슬 머리를 가지고 있어요.
저는 반곱슬 머리를 가지고 있습니다.

and describe your skin color. the word for skin is 피부. like peekaboo without the ka
Just for variety's sake, and because it sounds a little more natural, we will say this sentence a little different.
Instead of saying "I have____." Let's say "My skin is _____."

skin colour=피부 색
My skin is light.
제 피부는 하얀 편이에요.(light skin)
My skin is tan.
제 피부는 태닝한 피부예요.(tan)
My skin is dark.
제 피부는 검은 편이에요. (dark skin)

I'm just giving you three examples. I realize it's probably a bit limiting.
You could use this style of sentence with all the other examples. just replace the word skin with hair, nose, eyes, lips, height etc and change the adjective to whatever you want.
hair, nose, eyes, lips, height adjective
now those were all just details. what about the OVERALL effect of your appearance. Are you goodlooking?
The word for goodlooking is 멋있다 and the word for not good looking is 멋없다
나는 멋있어.
저는 멋있어요.
저는 멋있습니다.
나는 멋없어.
저는 멋없어요.
저는 멋없습니다.

or you can say if you're pretty or ugly.
I am pretty is
나는 예뻐.
저는 예뻐요.
저는 예쁩니다. 
예쁘다 this word is usually not used to describe men or boys
is  못생겼다 it can be used to describe males and females and things

I am ugly
나는 못생겼어
저는 못생겼어요
저는 못생겼습니다
and remember adjectives have is/am/or are built into them.

So that's how we describe ourselves. and we can put it all together in a paragraph like this one that I made to describe myself.

저는 백육십오 센티미텁니다. 육십 킬로그램입니다. 큰 눈을 가지고 있습니다. 파란색 눈입니다. 금발 머립니다. 중간 길이 머리를 가지고 있습니다. 반곱슬 머리를 가지고 있습니다.
aaaannnd if you wanna sound really good. like a real Korean you can make use of the words for "and" like I did here
저는 백육십오 센티미터이고 육십 킬로그램입니다. 파란색 큰 눈을 가지고 있습니다 그리고 금발의 중간길이 머리를 가지고 있고 반곱슬입니다.
So now you have a description of what I look like. and there should be no surprises in the next video where I'll be speaking face to camera ... because we are well over due for a 1000 subscribers celebration. See ya next time. thanks for studying with me.

it-da and Family

This is a vocabulary lesson that will cover two important topics: one is the verb for "to have" 잇다 (it-da). It-da is actually a very versatile word and has many meanings. In this video we will focus on just the one meaning: to have. The other topic that we're going to cover is the names for family members. In this lesson you will learn how to tell people about all the family members you have.
So, to say "have" in Korean we start with the infinitive 잇다(it-da). 잇다(it-da) is a regular ㅓ(eo) verb, so we conjugate into the simple present in the usual way.
Cut off the 다(-da), and add an 어(eo) to make the casual form, and add a 요(yo) to the casual form to make the polite form. Then to make the formal cut off the 다(-da) from the infinitive and add 습니다(seum-ni-da).
This is nothing new if you've watched my video on conjugating ㅓeo verbs into the simple present. By the way, all the videos I mention will be linked in the description.
Now let's make sentences with the word have. All the sentences we make will be in the form "I have BLANK" We remember the words for I: 나 (na) in the casual form and 저 (jeo) in the formal and polite form. Which form should we use when describing our family? That depends on who you are talking to and how much respect you want to show them. Here is a general guideline for when to use each type of language. In this video I will focus on just the formal and polite forms. Those are the ones you will be using most often because anyone who doesn't know about your family already is probably a stranger or group of strangers. (besides, casual is easy, just take off the yo change jeo to na)
나는 _____ 있어
저는 _____ 있어요
저는 _____있습니다 (notice the double s. That means we pronounce it with extra emphasis i-SSeo, i-SSeo-yo. We're gonna start pronouncing things better around here) and we don't need extra emphasis in 있습니다 (it-seum-nida) because the ㅆ (double s) is in the batchim and is sounding like "t"
I'm using "I have blank" as an example sentence but it works the same if you replace the I with any other noun or pronoun.
I don't wanna make you wait. Here is a summary of all the different family members in Korean. This chart is also linked in the description. But stay with me for the rest of the video anyways because we're gonna make some pretty complicated sentences using a lot of what we learned in the past videos. You'll be so impressed with yourself.  You'll be able to tell Koreans all about your family.

First of all the word for ‘family’ in Korean is 가족 (gajok)
I HAVE A FAMILY
나는 가족 있어
저는 가족 있어요
저는 가족 있습니다

and now, a bit more about 있다 (it-da). It may look like a regular verb because it obeys regular conjugation rules but it is irregular. Like I mentioned earlier 있다 (it-da) can have multiple meanings. One translation is "to have" but another, more accurate translation would be would be "to exist". Things are gonna get a little complicated now as we discuss how subject and object markers are used with 있다 (it-da).
Look at the sentence we wrote:
저는 가족 있어요
I family exist
The verb in this sentence is "exist".... right? and the subject of a sentence is the thing that is doing the verb. When you say "I have a family" what is the thing that you are trying to tell people exists? Is it "I" or "family"? It's "family", right? When you say "I have a family" you are telling people that a family exists. So, family is doing the existing. Family is doing the verb. So, that makes it the subject of the sentence, and, thus, we give it a subject marker
저는 가족이 있어요
This sentence has two subjects because it's not just any family that exists it's my family. So, I start the sentence with 저는 (jeo-neun).
Subject markers don't exist in English. You're never gonna get a direct translation, but one way I have seen 저는 (jeo-neon) translated is as the words "for me".
저는 가족이 있어요
For me a family exists.

AH! the struggles of learning a language that was invented on the opposite side of the planet as your own!

But if you understood none of that, the take away message is that in the sentence "I have a family." family does not get the 을/를 (eul/reul) object marker like you would expect. Instead it gets the 이/가 (i/ga) subject marking particle because TECHNICALLY family is the subject of the sentence since 있다 (it-da) does not literally mean "to have", but rather it means "to exist"
or even more tldr:
In sentences of the form I have _____ give the blank an 이/가 (i/ga) subject marker.

...and as always subject and object markers are optional.

But if you do use subject markers you must always use 는/은 (neun/eun) here and 이/가 (i/ga) here. You do not get to change them depending on what you want to emphasize. It must always be like this.
__는/은 ____가/이 있어요.


Or... we can say "I have______." in a different way, a way that uses object markers. That is:
저는 ______ 가지고 있어요.
When we add 가지고(ga-ji-go) we can use 를/을 (reul/eul) object markers at the end of the word that goes in the blank. for example:
저는 가족을 가지고 있어요.
...and once again, as always, subject and object markers are optional.
But this form is not used for family members because it means you actually own them. So wrong. (It's like keeping your family in a jar... with airholes)
This is a stupid example. Everyone has a family. People don't just appear out of nothing.
Let's learn some more vocabulary for our relatives. or, in Korean:
친척
chin-cheok


First let's learn parents.
Parents in Korean is 부모님 bu-mo-nim

mother is
어머니 eo-meo-ni
나는 어머니가 있어
저는 어머니가 있어요
저는 어머니가 있습니다
or if you prefer to say mom that is 엄마 eom-ma
(나는 엄마가  있어
저는 엄마가 있어요
저는 엄마가 있습니다)
people call their mother either word eomeoni is a bit more polite
father is similar
father is 아버지 a-beo-ji
 나는 아버지가 있어
저는 아버지가 있어요
저는 아버지가 있습니다
if you prefer dad that is 아빠 a-ppa
 (저는 아빠가 있어요 )
Now let's move onto brothers and sisters and get ready because there are 4 words for brother and 4 words for sister.
The word for brother of any age is
brother- 형제(hyeong-je) and then we can get more specific. A younger brother is 남동생 (nam-dong-saeng) and older brother has 2 different variations. It is 오빠(oppa) when you are a female, and 형(hyung) when you are a male.
So, if you wanted to talk about your brothers you might say something like:
I have 2 brothers, 1 older brother and one younger brother

I have 2 형제,  1 오빠 and 1 남동생.
or if you are a boy you would say hyung instead of oppa.

Now we're gonna translate this whole sentence into Korean and for that you'll need to recall our lesson on counters. When you want to say how many of something there is using numbers you must also use a counter. The counter for people is 명(myeong) and the word order is thing, number, counter. If this is confusing for you please watch the video on counters linked below. If you want to say 2 brothers you say brother 2 myeong or, in Korean, 형제 두 명. Remember you drop the last letter of 1,2,3,4, & 20. So lets translate this whole sentence. Starting with the one that you use when you are a girl.
I have 2 형제, 1 오빠 and 1 남동생.
jeo-neun hyeong-je-ga du myeong i-sseo-yo oppa han myeong-gwa nam dong-saeng han myeong-i i-sseo-yo.
저는 형제가 두 명 있어요. 오빠 한 명과 남동생 한 명이 있어요.

The i/ga goes here. (ideally/preferably)
저는 형제가 두 명 있어요. 오빠 한 명과 남동생 한 명이 있어요.
it could also go here if you really want
저는 형제가 두 명 있어요. 오빠 한 명과 남동생이 한 명 있어요.
but the first one is more natural 

and for the formal change  있어요  to 있습니다
저는 형제가 두 명 있습니다. 오빠 한 명과 남동생 한 명이 있습니다
and in the casual form

and if you are a boy change oppa to hyeong.
저는 형제 두 명이 있어요. 오빠 한 명과 남동생 한 명이 있어요.
저는 형제 두 명이 있어요. 형 한 명과 남동생 한 명이 있어요.
저는 형제가 두 명 있어요. 오빠 한 명과 남동생 한 명이 있어요.
저는 형제가 두 명이 있어요. 형 한 명과 남동생 한 명이 있어요.
or 저는오빠랑 남동생 있어요
오빠 한 명과 남동생 한 명이 있어요. better to put the 이-i here

getit? It really helps if you know how to use counters. Notice 과(gwa) in there too. That is the formal/polite version of "and" that goes between nouns.
For sisters we have the same kind of situation. a sister of any type is 자매(ja-mae)
a younger sister is 여동생 (yeo-dong-saeng) and older sister is 언니(eonni) if you are a girl and 누나(nu-na) if you are a boy.. Let's make a similar sentence with the word sister.
I have 2 sisters one older sister and one younger sister
저는 자매  du myeong 있어요 eonni han myeong-gwa yeodongsaeng han myeong.
저는 자매가 두 명 있어요. 언니 한 명과 여동생 한 명이 있어요.
저는 자매가 두 명 있어요. 누나 한 명과 여동생 한 명이 있어요.
jeo-neun ja-mae-ga du myeong i-sseo-yo. nu-na han myeong
and the formal version with 있습니다 in stead of 있어요
and if you are a boy you change eonni to nuna.
Now we have남동생(nam-dong-saeng) for younger bro and 여동생(yeo-dong-saeng) for younger sis.
if we just wanted to say younger sibling that would be just 동생(dong-saeng) so we can make a sentence like this:
I have 2 younger siblings 1 younger sister and one younger brother.
저는 동생이 두 명 있어요. 여동생 한 명과 남동생 한 명이 있어요.
jeo-neun dong-saeng-i du myeong i-sseo-yo. yeo-dong-saeng han myeong-gwa nam-dong-saeng han myeong-i i-sseo-yo.

OK, that was tricky, but lets move on to grandparents
조부모님 jo-bu-mo-nim
Grandparents
나는 조부모님이 네 명 있어.
저는 조부모님이 네 명 있어요.
저는 조부모님이 네 명 있습니다

할머니 hal-meo-ni
Grandmother
나는 할머니가 있어.
저는 할머니가 있어요.
저는 할머니가 있습니다

할아버지 ha-ra-beo-ji
Grandfather
나는 할아버지가 있어.
저는 할아버지가 있어요.
저는 할아버지가 있습니다



and aunts uncles and cousins ...
aunt is 이모 (i-mo) on your mothers side and 고모 (go-mo) on your fathers side
uncle is 삼촌 (sam-chon) usually but their is a couple other ways to say it. your father's older brother can be called 'big father' 큰아버지 (keun a-beo-ji) and his younger brother can be called 'little father' 작은아버지(ja-geun a-beo-ji) but only after they get married. Also, your mother's sister's husband is 이모부 (i-mo-bu). Think about that i-mo is aunt on your mother's side her husband is her bu... i-mo-bu
and your father's sister's husband, naturally, 고모부 (go-mo-bu).
But the words that you will hear most often for aunt and uncle are i-mo and sam-chon. That's what you call your parents' friends and your friends' parents or sometimes even the woman serving you at a restaurant.
and cousin is 사촌 (sa-chon). So let's tell people how many aunts uncles and cousins we have
I have 4 aunts.
나는 이모가 네 명 있어.
저는 이모가 네 명 있어요.
저는 이모가 네 명 있습니다.
I have 6 uncles
나는 삼촌이 여섯 명 있어.
저는 삼촌이 여섯 명 있어요.
저는 삼촌이 여섯 명 있습니다.
I have 10 cousins
나는 사촌이 열 명 있어.
저는 사촌이 열 명 있어요.
저는 사촌이 열 명 있습니다.

you might have a wife, husband, girlfriend, boyfriend in your family.
Wife is an interesting one because if you are talking about your own wife the word is 아내 (a-nae), but you are talking about someone else's wife the word is 부인 (bu-in).
So "I have a wife" is 저는 아내가 이써요.
and "Tim has a wife" is Tim은 부인이 이써요.

"I have a husband"
저는 남편이 있어요.
"I have a girlfriend"
저는 여자친구가 있어요
"I have a boyfriend"
저는 남자친구가 있어요

You might have a son or daughter
if you have a son
저는 아들이 있어요
a daughter
저는 딸이 있어요
a son or a daughter? The word for that is 자녀(ja-nyeo). You may also hear 자식(ja-sik) or 아이(a-i).
More than one son or daughter? You can say how many you have like this:
저는 자녀가 # 멍 있어요.
if you want to say something like "I have 3 kids. I have 1 son and 2 daughter" that is:
저는 자녀가 세 명 있어요. 저는 아들 1 명과 딸 2 명이 있어요.
you might have nieces조카딸 or nephews 조카
you might have grandsons 손자
granddaughters 손녀
and once you have identified all your relatives. your 친척. You can start describing them using the types of sentences we learned in the i-da video.
Here is one example:
"I have 2 aunts. my aunts' names are Pat and Katie. My aunt Pat is a singer. My aunt Katie is a police officer."
name in Korean is i-reum.
저는 이모가 두 명 있어요. 저희의 이모의 이름은 팥과 캐티예요. 저희의 팥이모는 가수예요. 저희의 캐티이모는 경찰관이에요.
jeo-neun i-mo-ga du myeong i-sseo-yo. jeo-hui
저는 이모 두 명이 있어요. 저희의 이모의 이름 신디과 리사예요. 저희의 신디이모 선생님이예요. 저희의 리사이모 가수에요.
저는 이모가 두 명 있어요. 저희의 이모의 이름은 신디과 리사예요. 저희의 신디이모 선생님이예요. 저희의 리사이모 가수에요.
look at the word I used for my... jeo-hui-e. It literally means our. When you are talking about your relatives in Korean you use our (uri-e and jeo-hui-e) not my (je and nae).
The reasons for that are more cultural than linguistic. Koreans kind of consider themselves all just one big family. That's why they call their friends big brother or big sister.
When you are talking about someone else's family, however, don't use our. use your.
My family is our family, and your family is your family.
But, you should use my for all things that are not family members.

Koreans always assume you are talking about yourself unless you specify otherwise. Even when you say our they will understand from context that you really mean my.
Sort of like how you might just say 'mom' instead of 'my mom' when you are talking with people who aren't your brother or sister and they still understand that you are talking about your mom.


This lesson has contained a lot of grammar and a lot of vocabulary. Let's summarize.
The word for to have in Korean is 있다 it is conjugated like a regular verb 있어 있어요 있습니다.
When you make a sentence with it-da, for example I have ____, it is in this form. and the subject marking particles are like so: I gets the neun/eun and the word in the blank gets an i/ga. words for family members are summarized here. If you want to tell people the names of your family members the Korean word for name is i-reum. Review our lesson on counters and the Korean word for "and" linked in the description so you can make statements like this: 저는 이모 두 명이 있어요. 저희의 이모의 이름 팥과 캐티예요. 저희의 팥이모 가수예요. 저희의 캐티이모 경찰관이에요.
and don't call your family members "my". Don't say my mom, my sister, my cousin etc. Instead, say Our mom, our sister, our cousin etc. In Korean the word for our is u-ri-"e" or u-ri in the cas form and jeo-hui-"e" or jeo-hui in the polite/formal form.

and that's this lesson. We covered lots of important stuff. but now it;s time to say annyeonghi gyeseyo and thanks for studying with me.


...
This video is already so long but I feel like I didn't make this as clear as I should. I didn't want to blow past this.

Take a look at this:
I have 2 brothers. I have 1 older brother and 1 younger brother
저는 형제가 두 명 있어요. 오빠 한 명과 남동생 한 명이 있어요.
We recall that when saying how many of something there is the word order is noun, number, counter.
The first sentence has the subject marking particle after the noun. This puts emphasis on the number.
I have two brothers.
저는 형제가 두 명 있어요.
The second sentence has the subject marking particle after the counter, not the noun. That is what sounds more natural when you have more than one noun in the sentence.
But you could, if you really want, put the subject marking particle at the end of the noun. If you choose to do that put it at the end of the last noun in the list.
Likewise, in the first sentence you could also put the subject marking particle at the end of the counter. It doesn't sound as natural but if doing so brings you happiness, or if you just forget where it should go, people will still understand.
But, in sum, if there is one noun put it at the end of the noun,
if there is more than one noun put it at the end of the counter.